Abstract
This chapter presents a pedagogical overview on fundamental aspects of surface and interface magnetism that have implications for the understanding of a broad variety of nanoscale magnetic and spintronic phenomena. We introduce general concepts derived from electronic band structure models to explain the evolution of the spin and orbital magnetic moments, exchange interaction, and magnetic anisotropy in low-dimensional structures. Trends due to the reduced symmetry and atomic coordination are emphasized, including the effects of spin–orbit coupling and the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction. We present spin Hamiltonian models that capture the collective behavior of a magnetic lattice and enable the description of the low-energy spin excitations as well as of the onset of magnetic order as a function of temperature in systems of arbitrary size and dimension. Finally, we illustrate the magnetic behavior of exemplary surface systems, such as the surfaces of bulk crystals, ultrathin films, non-collinear spin structures, and atomically engineered spin networks, including one-dimensional atomic chains and single-atom magnets.
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Gambardella, P., Blügel, S. (2020). Magnetic Surfaces, Thin Films and Nanostructures. In: Rocca, M., Rahman, T.S., Vattuone, L. (eds) Springer Handbook of Surface Science. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-46906-1_21
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