Abstract
This chapter focuses on the pathophysiology of iodinated intravascular contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CI-AKI). While there is no conclusive evidence of the exact mechanisms involved in CI-AKI, the current understanding of its pathophysiology is summarized in this chapter. First, we provide an overview of the basic anatomy and function of the kidney relevant to the pathophysiology of CI-AKI. We then discuss the key contributory factors in the pathophysiology of CI-AKI including medullary hypoxia, reactive oxygen species, and direct tubular toxicity of contrast. Finally, the unique characteristics of contrast and contributing patient characteristics that are associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity will be discussed.
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Madariaga, H.M., Stalam, T., Patel, A.M., Thomas, B. (2020). Pathophysiology of Contrast Induced Acute Kidney Injury. In: Rangaswami, J., Lerma, E., McCullough, P. (eds) Kidney Disease in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45414-2_12
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45414-2_12
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