Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change threatens to diminish global health gains achieved over the past century. This chapter describes the myriad of ways environmental, economic and societal determinants of health are impacted if greenhouse gas emissions continue unabated. It highlights that since collective resources such as water, air and food are impacted, the negative health consequences of climate change are felt universally. This indicates that the climate crisis is a health crisis. A global policy review of the Paris Agreement, Sustainable Development Goals and the Sendai Framework indicate, however, that there remains limited development and integration of climate-resilient health systems in the climate action discourse. Given the unprecedented and potentially irreversible impacts to all life on the planet, urgent actions and investments are needed from the world’s leaders to build global health resilience, by developing climate-resilient health systems that critically safeguard both population and planetary health.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Andrade L, O’Dwyer J, O’Neill E, Hynds P (2018) Surface water flooding, groundwater contamination, and enteric disease in developed countries: a scoping review of connections and consequences. Environ Pollut 236:540–549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.01.104
Dokken D, Ebi KL, Allen SK, et al (2012) Special report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change managing the risks of extreme events and disasters to advance climate change adaptation. Stockholm, Sweden
Fridell M, Edwin S, von Schreeb J, Saulnier DD (2019) Health system resilience: what are we talking about? A scoping review mapping characteristics and keywords. Int J Health Policy Manag 9:6–16. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2019.71
Haldane V, Ong S-E, Chuah FL-H, Legido-Quigley H (2017) Health systems resilience: meaningful construct or catchphrase? Lancet 389:1513. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)30946-7
Harris PG (2014) Routledge handbook of global environmental politics. Routledge, New York
Heal G, Park J (2016) Reflections-temperature stress and the direct impact of climate change: a review of an emerging literature. Rev Environ Econ Policy 10:347–362. https://doi.org/10.1093/reep/rew007
Horton R, Lo S (2015) Planetary health: a new science for exceptional action. Lancet 386:1921. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)61038-8
ILO (2019) Working on a warmer planet: the impact of heat stress on labour productivity and decent work. International Labour Organization, Geneva
IPCC (2012) National Systems for Managing the risks from climate extremes and disasters. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
IPCC (2014a) Climate change 2014: synthesis report. Contribution of working groups I, II and III to the fifth assessment report of the intergovenrmental panel on climate change. International panel for climate change, Geneva
IPCC (2014b) Climate change 2014: impacts, adaptation and vulnerability. Part A: global and sectoral aspects. Geneva, Switzerland
IPCC (2018) Annex I: glossary [Matthews, J.B.R. (ed.)]. In: Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Pörtner H-O, Roberts D, Skea J, Shukla PR, Pirani A, Moufouma-Okia W, Péan C, Pidcock R, Connors S, Matthews JBR, Chen Y, Zhou X, Gomis MI, Lonnoy E, Maycock T, Tignor M, Waterfield T (eds) Global Warming of 1.5 °C. An IPCC Special Report on the impacts of global warming of 1.5 °C above pre-industrial levels and related global greenhouse gas emission pathways, in the context of strengthening the global response to the threat of climate change. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Geneva
Lee J, Perera D, Glickman T, Taing L (2020) Water-related disasters and their health impacts: a global review. Prog Disaster Sci:100123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pdisas.2020.100123
Mankin JS, Seager R, Smerdon JE et al (2019) Mid-latitude freshwater availability reduced by projected vegetation responses to climate change. Nat Geosci 12:983–988. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0480-x
Marengo JA, Torres RR, Alves LM (2017) Drought in Northeast Brazil – past, present, and future. Theor Appl Climatol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1840-8
Murray V, Maini R, Clarke L, Eltinay N (2017) Coherence between the Sendai framework, the SDGs, the climate agreement, new urban agenda and world humanitarian summit, and the role of science in their implementation | PreventionWeb.net. In: PreventionWeb
Pandey BD, Costello A (2019) The dengue epidemic and climate change in Nepal. Lancet 394:2150–2151
Parker RG, Richard G, Sommer M (2010) Routledge handbook of global public health. Taylor & Francis, New York
Patz JA, Khaliq M (2002) Global climate change and health: challenges for future practitioners. J Am Med Assoc 287:2283–2284
Serdeczny O, Adams S, Baarsch F et al (2017) Climate change impacts in sub-Saharan Africa: from physical changes to their social repercussions. Reg Environ Chang 17:1585–1600. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-015-0910-2
SIEPR (2019) Ten facts about the economics of climate change and climate policy. Stanford Institute for Economic Policy Research & The Hamilton Project, Palo Alto
Smith KR, Woodward A, Campbell-Lendrum D et al (2015) Human health: impacts, adaptation, and co-benefits. In: Climate change 2014 impacts, adaptation and vulnerability: part a: global and sectoral aspects. IPCC, pp 715–742
Suk WA, Ahanchian H, Asante KA et al (2016) Environmental pollution: an under-recognized threat to children’s health, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Environ Health Perspect 124:1353–1361. https://doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1510517
UN (2020) The sustainable development goals report 2020. United Nations Statistics Division, New York
UNEP (2019) Emissions gap report 2019. Nairobi, Kenya
UNISDR (2015) Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030. United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction, Geneva
UNISDR (2017) Technical guidance for monitoring and reporting on progress in achieving the global targets of the Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction. Geneva, Switzerland
Watts N, Adger WN, Agnolucci P et al (2015) Health and climate change: policy responses to protect public health. Lancet 386:1861–1914. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60854-6
Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N et al (2018a) The 2018 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: shaping the health of nations for centuries to come. Lancet 392:2479–2514
Watts N, Amann M, Ayeb-Karlsson S et al (2018b) The lancet countdown on health and climate change: from 25 years of inaction to a global transformation for public health. Lancet 391:581–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)32464-9
Watts N, Amann M, Arnell N et al (2019) The 2019 report of the lancet countdown on health and climate change: ensuring that the health of a child born today is not defined by a changing climate. Lancet 394:1836–1878
Whitmee S, Haines A, Beyrer C et al (2015) Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of the rockefeller foundation–lancet commission on planetary health. Lancet 386:1973–2028. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60901-1
WHO (2015) Operational framework for building climate resilient health systems. Geneva, Switzerland
WHO (2020a) WHO | what is dengue? WHO
WHO (2020b) Urgent health challenges for the next decade
WMO (2020) WMO statement on the state of the global climate in 2019. World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
Wu X, Lu Y, Zhou S et al (2016) Impact of climate change on human infectious diseases: empirical evidence and human adaptation. Environ Int 86:14–20
Wulff K, Donato D, Lurie N (2015) What is health resilience and how can we build it? *. Annu Rev Public Health 36:361–374. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122829
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Editors and the World Health Organization
About this entry
Cite this entry
Taing, L., Mahadeo, K. (2021). Climate Change and Global Health. In: Kickbusch, I., Ganten, D., Moeti, M. (eds) Handbook of Global Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45009-0_91
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45009-0_91
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-45008-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-45009-0
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences