Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Smoking Cessation: Breaking the Strong Addiction

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Enhancing Patient Engagement in Pulmonary Healthcare

Part of the book series: Respiratory Medicine ((RM))

  • 594 Accesses

Abstract

Tobacco dependence is the primary cause of early mortality in adults. While rates of smoking cessation are increasing, people who have stopped smoking tobacco are underrepresented by individuals with low socioeconomic status (SES). Other groups such as women and African Americans are less likely to stop smoking tobacco. Furthermore, evidence-based treatment for tobacco dependence are largely tailored to patients ready to quit within 30 days, a group representing less than 30% of smokers. To improve tobacco cessation rates, conventional strategies need to be adapted to overcome the unique features that make these communities less likely to stop smoking. General and tailored strategies to increase adherence to guideline-recommended tobacco treatment in low SES populations, African Americans, women, and those not motivated to quit are discussed. Capitalizing on the multiple, potential teachable moments to promote smoking cessation in pulmonary practice is critical in preventing death and improving patient HRQoL.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/tobacco.

  2. Alberg AJ, Shopland DR, Cummings KM. The 2014 Surgeon General’s report: commemorating the 50th Anniversary of the 1964 Report of the Advisory Committee to the US Surgeon General and updating the evidence on the health consequences of cigarette smoking. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(4):403–12.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  3. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking: 50 years of progress. A report of the surgeon general. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  4. U.S. Cancer Statistics Working Group. United States cancer statistics: 1999–2014 incidence and mortality web-based report. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and National Cancer Institute; 2017. Available at: www.cdc.gov/uscs.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Blackwell DL, Villarroel MA. Tables of summary health statistics for U.S. adults: 2017 National Health Interview Survey. Hyattsville: National Center for Health Statistics; 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  6. Zhu SH, Anderson CM, Zhuang YL, Gamst AC, Kohatsu ND. Smoking prevalence in Medicaid has been declining at a negligible rate. PLoS One. 2017;12(5):e0178279.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Fu SS, Sherman SE, Yano EM, van Ryn M, Lanto AB, Joseph AM. Ethnic disparities in the use of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation in an equal access health care system. Am J Health Promot. 2005;20(2):108–16.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Lewis M. Brain change in addiction as learning, not disease. N Engl J Med. 2018;379(16):1551–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  9. Benowitz NL, Hukkanen J, Jacob P. Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2009;192:29–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Benowitz NL. Nicotine addiction. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(24):2295–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Michalowski A, Erblich J. Reward dependence moderates smoking-cue- and stress-induced cigarette cravings. Addict Behav. 2014;39(12):1879–83.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  12. Ferguson SG, Shiffman S. The relevance and treatment of cue-induced cravings in tobacco dependence. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2009;36(3):235–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Leone FT, Carlsen KH, Folan P, Latzka K, Munzer A, Neptune E, et al. An official American Thoracic Society research statement: current understanding and future research needs in tobacco control and treatment. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2015;192(3):e22–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Leone FT, Evers-Casey S. Developing a rational approach to tobacco use treatment in pulmonary practice: a review of the biological basis of nicotine addiction. Clin Pulm Med. 2012;19(2):53–61.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  15. Stead LF, Koilpillai P, Fanshawe TR, Lancaster T. Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD008286.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Windle SB, Filion KB, Mancini JG, Adye-White L, Joseph L, Gore GC, et al. Combination therapies for smoking cessation: a hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(6):1060–71.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Gómez-Coronado N, Walker AJ, Berk M, Dodd S. Current and emerging pharmacotherapies for cessation of tobacco smoking. Pharmacotherapy. 2018;38(2):235–58.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Stahl SM, Pradko JF, Haight BR, Modell JG, Rockett CB, Learned-Coughlin S. A review of the neuropharmacology of bupropion, a dual norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor. Prim Care Companion J Clin Psychiatry. 2004;6(4):159–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  19. Anthenelli RM, Benowitz NL, West R, St Aubin L, McRae T, Lawrence D, et al. Neuropsychiatric safety and efficacy of varenicline, bupropion, and nicotine patch in smokers with and without psychiatric disorders (EAGLES): a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Lancet. 2016;387(10037):2507–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. de Moura FB, McMahon LR. The contribution of α4β2 and non-α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors to the discriminative stimulus effects of nicotine and varenicline in mice. Psychopharmacology. 2017;234(5):781–92.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Kotz D, Viechtbauer W, Simpson CR, van Schayck OCP, West R, Sheikh A. Cardiovascular and neuropsychiatric risks of varenicline and bupropion in smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Thorax. 2017;72(10):905–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Chang PH, Chiang CH, Ho WC, Wu PZ, Tsai JS, Guo FR. Combination therapy of varenicline with nicotine replacement therapy is better than varenicline alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:689.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Stead LF, Carroll AJ, Lancaster T. Group behaviour therapy programmes for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD001007.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Lancaster T, Stead LF. Individual behavioural counselling for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;3:CD001292.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Rigotti NA, Chang Y, Rosenfeld LC, Japuntich SJ, Park ER, Tindle HA, et al. Interactive voice response calls to promote smoking cessation after hospital discharge: pooled analysis of two randomized clinical trials. J Gen Intern Med. 2017;32:1005.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  26. Levy DE, Klinger EV, Linder JA, Fleegler EW, Rigotti NA, Park ER, et al. Cost-effectiveness of a health system-based smoking cessation program. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(12):1508–15.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Whittaker R, McRobbie H, Bullen C, Rodgers A, Gu Y. Mobile phone-based interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;4:CD006611.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  28. Sherman SE, Krebs P, York LS, Cummins SE, Kuschner W, Guvenc-Tuncturk S, et al. Telephone care co-ordination for tobacco cessation: randomised trials testing proactive versus reactive models. Tob Control. 2018;27(1):78–82.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Cobos-Campos R, Apiñaniz Fernández de Larrinoa A, Sáez de Lafuente Moriñigo A, Parraza Diez N, Aizpuru Barandiaran F. Effectiveness of text messaging as an adjuvant to health advice in smoking cessation programs in primary care. A randomized clinical trial. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(8):901–7.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. https://www.who.int/tobacco/quitting/mtobaccocessation/en/.

  31. Reid JL, Hammond D, Rynard VL, Burkhalter R. Tobacco use in Canada: patterns and trends. Waterloo: Propel Centre for Population Health Impact, University of Waterloo; 2014.

    Google Scholar 

  32. Patel MS, Day SC, Halpern SD, Hanson CW, Martinez JR, Honeywell S, et al. Generic medication prescription rates after health system-wide redesign of default options within the electronic health record. JAMA Intern Med. 2016;176(6):847–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. Faseru B, Ellerbeck EF, Catley D, Gajewski BJ, Scheuermann TS, Shireman TI, et al. Changing the default for tobacco-cessation treatment in an inpatient setting: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial. Trials. 2017;18(1):379.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  34. Fu SS, van Ryn M, Sherman SE, Burgess DJ, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, et al. Proactive tobacco treatment and population-level cessation: a pragmatic randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2014;174(5):671–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Nahhas GJ, Wilson D, Talbot V, Cartmell KB, Warren GW, Toll BA, et al. Feasibility of implementing a hospital-based “opt-out” tobacco-cessation service. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19:937.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Ylioja T, Reddy V, Ambrosino R, Davis EM, Douaihy A, Slovenkay K, et al. Using bioinformatics to treat hospitalized smokers: successes and challenges of a tobacco treatment service. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2017;43(12):621–32.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Haas JS, Linder JA, Park ER, Gonzalez I, Rigotti NA, Klinger EV, et al. Proactive tobacco cessation outreach to smokers of low socioeconomic status: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2015;175(2):218–26.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  38. Cartmell KB, Dismuke CE, Dooley M, Mueller M, Nahhas GJ, Warren GW, et al. Effect of an evidence-based inpatient tobacco dependence treatment service on 1-year postdischarge health care costs. Med Care. 2018;56(10):883–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  39. Cartmell KB, Dooley M, Mueller M, Nahhas GJ, Dismuke CE, Warren GW, et al. Effect of an evidence-based inpatient tobacco dependence treatment service on 30-, 90-, and 180-day hospital readmission rates. Med Care. 2018;56(4):358–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Raupach T, Brown J, Herbec A, Brose L, West R. A systematic review of studies assessing the association between adherence to smoking cessation medication and treatment success. Addiction. 2014;109(1):35–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  41. Hollands GJ, Naughton F, Farley A, Lindson N, Aveyard P. Interventions to increase adherence to medications for tobacco dependence. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2019;8:CD009164.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Solberg LI, Parker ED, Foldes SS, Walker PF. Disparities in tobacco cessation medication orders and fills among special populations. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(2):144–51.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  43. Hays JT, Leischow SJ, Lawrence D, Lee TC. Adherence to treatment for tobacco dependence: association with smoking abstinence and predictors of adherence. Nicotine Tob Res. 2010;12(6):574–81.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Shiffman S, Ferguson SG, Rohay J, Gitchell JG. Perceived safety and efficacy of nicotine replacement therapies among US smokers and ex-smokers: relationship with use and compliance. Addiction. 2008;103(8):1371–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Catz SL, Jack LM, McClure JB, Javitz HS, Deprey M, Zbikowski SM, et al. Adherence to varenicline in the COMPASS smoking cessation intervention trial. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(5):361–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  46. Bo A, Friis K, Osborne RH, Maindal HT. National indicators of health literacy: ability to understand health information and to engage actively with healthcare providers - a population-based survey among Danish adults. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:1095.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  47. Stewart DW, Cano MA, Correa-Fernandez V, Spears CA, Li Y, Waters AJ, et al. Lower health literacy predicts smoking relapse among racially/ethnically diverse smokers with low socioeconomic status. BMC Public Health. 2014;14:716.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  48. Hoover DS, Wetter DW, Vidrine DJ, Nguyen N, Frank SG, Li Y, et al. Enhancing smoking risk communications: the influence of health literacy and message content. Ann Behav Med. 2018;52(3):204–15.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  49. Evans-Polce RJ, Castaldelli-Maia JM, Schomerus G, Evans-Lacko SE. The downside of tobacco control? Smoking and self-stigma: a systematic review. Soc Sci Med. 2015;145:26–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  50. Stuber J, Galea S, Link BG. Smoking and the emergence of a stigmatized social status. Soc Sci Med. 2008;67(3):420–30.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  51. Hatzenbuehler ML, Phelan JC, Link BG. Stigma as a fundamental cause of population health inequalities. Am J Public Health. 2013;103(5):813–21.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  52. Garrett BE, Dube SR, Babb S, McAfee T. Addressing the social determinants of health to reduce tobacco-related disparities. Nicotine Tob Res. 2015;17(8):892–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. DiGiacomo M, Davidson PM, Abbott PA, Davison J, Moore L, Thompson SC. Smoking cessation in indigenous populations of Australia, New Zealand, Canada, and the United States: elements of effective interventions. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011;8(2):388–410.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  54. Blackwell DL, Lucas JW, Clarke TC. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: national health interview survey. Vital Health Stat. 2014;10(260):1–161.

    Google Scholar 

  55. Ku L, Bruen BK, Steinmetz E, Bysshe T. Medicaid tobacco cessation: big gaps remain in efforts to get smokers to quit. Health Aff (Millwood). 2016;35(1):62–70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  56. McMenamin SB, Halpin HA, Ibrahim JK, Orleans CT. Physician and enrollee knowledge of Medicaid coverage for tobacco dependence treatments. Am J Prev Med. 2004;26(2):99–104.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  57. McAfee T, Babb S, McNabb S, Fiore MC. Helping smokers quit--opportunities created by the Affordable Care Act. N Engl J Med. 2015;372(1):5–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Young-Wolff KC, Adams SR, Klebaner D, Adams AS, Campbell CI, Satre DD, et al. Evaluating the impact of eliminating copayments for tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy. Med Care. 2018;56(11):912–8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  59. Fu SS, van Ryn M, Nelson D, Burgess DJ, Thomas JL, Saul J, et al. Proactive tobacco treatment offering free nicotine replacement therapy and telephone counselling for socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers: a randomised clinical trial. Thorax. 2016;71(5):446–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. Hammett P, Fu SS, Nelson D, Clothier B, Saul JE, Widome R, et al. A proactive smoking cessation intervention for socioeconomically disadvantaged smokers: the role of smoking-related stigma. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20(3):286–94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  61. Burtner J, Greenbaum J, Scarpaci M, editors. Three-month effects of a community health advocate-led smoking cessation intervention in public housing. Philadelphia: Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco; 2015.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Lasser KE, Kenst KS, Quintiliani LM, Wiener RS, Murillo J, Pbert L, et al. Patient navigation to promote smoking cessation among low-income primary care patients: a pilot randomized controlled trial. J Ethn Subst Abuse. 2013;12(4):374–90.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  63. Levinson AH, Valverde P, Garrett K, Kimminau M, Burns EK, Albright K, et al. Community-based navigators for tobacco cessation treatment: a proof-of-concept pilot study among low-income smokers. BMC Public Health. 2015;15:627.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  64. Brooks DR, Burtner JL, Borrelli B, Heeren TC, Evans T, Davine JA, et al. Twelve-month outcomes of a group-randomized community health advocate-led smoking cessation intervention in public housing. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;20(12):1434–41.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  65. Fraser DL, Fiore MC, Kobinsky K, Adsit R, Smith SS, Johnson ML, et al. A randomized trial of incentives for smoking treatment in Medicaid members. Am J Prev Med. 2017;53(6):754–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  66. Lasser KE, Quintiliani LM, Truong V, Xuan Z, Murillo J, Jean C, et al. Effect of patient navigation and financial incentives on smoking cessation among primary care patients at an urban safety-net hospital: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Intern Med. 2017;177(12):1798–807.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  67. Mundt MP, Baker TB, Fraser DL, Smith SS, Piper ME, Fiore MC. Paying low-income smokers to quit? The cost-effectiveness of incentivizing tobacco quit line engagement for Medicaid recipients who smoke. Value Health. 2019;22(2):177–84.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  68. Kalman D, Morissette SB, George TP. Co-morbidity of smoking in patients with psychiatric and substance use disorders. Am J Addict. 2005;14(2):106–23.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  69. Kathuria H, Seibert RG, Cobb V, Herbst N, Weinstein ZM, Gowarty M, et al. Perceived barriers to quitting cigarettes among hospitalized smokers with substance use disorders: a mixed methods study. Addict Behav. 2019;95:41–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  70. Asher MK, Martin RA, Rohsenow DJ, MacKinnon SV, Traficante R, Monti PM. Perceived barriers to quitting smoking among alcohol dependent patients in treatment. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2003;24(2):169–74.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  71. McHugh RK, Votaw VR, Fulciniti F, Connery HS, Griffin ML, Monti PM, et al. Perceived barriers to smoking cessation among adults with substance use disorders. J Subst Abuse Treat. 2017;74:48–53.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  72. Weinberger AH, Platt J, Esan H, Galea S, Erlich D, Goodwin RD. Cigarette smoking is associated with increased risk of substance use disorder relapse: a nationally representative, prospective longitudinal investigation. J Clin Psychiatry. 2017;78(2):e152–e60.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  73. Prochaska JJ, Delucchi K, Hall SM. A meta-analysis of smoking cessation interventions with individuals in substance abuse treatment or recovery. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2004;72(6):1144–56.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  74. Thurgood SL, McNeill A, Clark-Carter D, Brose LS. A systematic review of smoking cessation interventions for adults in substance abuse treatment or recovery. Nicotine Tob Res. 2016;18(5):993–1001.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  75. Colton CW, Manderscheid RW. Congruencies in increased mortality rates, years of potential life lost, and causes of death among public mental health clients in eight states. Prev Chronic Dis. 2006;3(2):A42.

    PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  76. Das S, Hickman NJ, Prochaska JJ. Treating smoking in adults with co-occurring acute psychiatric and addictive disorders. J Addict Med. 2017;11(4):273–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  77. Prochaska JJ, Fletcher L, Hall SE, Hall SM. Return to smoking following a smoke-free psychiatric hospitalization. Am J Addict. 2006;15(1):15–22.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  78. Haiman CA, Stram DO, Wilkens LR, Pike MC, Kolonel LN, Henderson BE, et al. Ethnic and racial differences in the smoking-related risk of lung cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(4):333–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  79. Finkenauer R, Pomerleau CS, Snedecor SM, Pomerleau OF. Race differences in factors relating to smoking initiation. Addict Behav. 2009;34(12):1056–9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  80. Cokkinides VE, Halpern MT, Barbeau EM, Ward E, Thun MJ. Racial and ethnic disparities in smoking-cessation interventions: analysis of the 2005 National Health Interview Survey. Am J Prev Med. 2008;34(5):404–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  81. Park ER, Japuntich SJ, Traeger L, Cannon S, Pajolek H. Disparities between blacks and whites in tobacco and lung cancer treatment. Oncologist. 2011;16(10):1428–34.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  82. Ryan KK, Garrett-Mayer E, Alberg AJ, Cartmell KB, Carpenter MJ. Predictors of cessation pharmacotherapy use among black and non-Hispanic white smokers. Nicotine Tob Res. 2011;13(8):646–52.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  83. Carpenter MJ, Ford ME, Cartmell K, Alberg AJ. Misperceptions of nicotine replacement therapy within racially and ethnically diverse smokers. J Natl Med Assoc. 2011;103(9–10):885–94.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  84. Kasza KA, Hyland AJ, Bansal-Travers M, Vogl LM, Chen J, Evans SE, et al. Switching between menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes: findings from the U.S. Cohort of the International Tobacco Control Four Country Survey. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(9):1255–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  85. Giovino GA, Villanti AC, Mowery PD, Sevilimedu V, Niaura RS, Vallone DM, et al. Differential trends in cigarette smoking in the USA: is menthol slowing progress? Tob Control. 2015;24(1):28–37.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  86. Cohn AM, Johnson AL, Hair E, Rath JM, Villanti AC. Menthol tobacco use is correlated with mental health symptoms in a national sample of young adults: implications for future health risks and policy recommendations. Tob Induc Dis. 2016;14:1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  87. Ambrose BK, Day HR, Rostron B, Conway KP, Borek N, Hyland A, et al. Flavored tobacco product use among US youth aged 12-17 years, 2013-2014. JAMA. 2015;314(17):1871–3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  88. Garten S, Falkner RV. Role of mentholated cigarettes in increased nicotine dependence and greater risk of tobacco-attributable disease. Prev Med. 2004;38(6):793–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  89. Biswas L, Harrison E, Gong Y, Avusula R, Lee J, Zhang M, et al. Enhancing effect of menthol on nicotine self-administration in rats. Psychopharmacology. 2016;233(18):3417–27.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  90. Alsharari SD, King JR, Nordman JC, Muldoon PP, Jackson A, Zhu AZ, et al. Effects of menthol on nicotine pharmacokinetic, pharmacology and dependence in mice. PLoS One. 2015;10(9):e0137070.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  91. Gundersen DA, Delnevo CD, Wackowski O. Exploring the relationship between race/ethnicity, menthol smoking, and cessation, in a nationally representative sample of adults. Prev Med. 2009;49(6):553–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  92. Stahre M, Okuyemi KS, Joseph AM, Fu SS. Racial/ethnic differences in menthol cigarette smoking, population quit ratios and utilization of evidence-based tobacco cessation treatments. Addiction. 2010;105(Suppl 1):75–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  93. Sutton CD, Robinson RG. The marketing of menthol cigarettes in the United States: populations, messages, and channels. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(Suppl 1):S83–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  94. Gardiner PS. The African Americanization of menthol cigarette use in the United States. Nicotine Tob Res. 2004;6(Suppl 1):S55–65.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  95. https://www.fda.gov/media/86497/download.

  96. Chaiton M, Schwartz R, Cohen JE, Soule E, Eissenberg T. Association of Ontario’s ban on menthol cigarettes with smoking behavior 1 month after implementation. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(5):710–1.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  97. Chaiton M, Schwartz R, Shuldiner J, Tremblay G, Nugent R. Evaluating a real world ban on menthol cigarettes: an interrupted time series analysis of sales. Nicotine Tob Res. 2019:ntz041.

    Google Scholar 

  98. Pearson JL, Abrams DB, Niaura RS, Richardson A, Vallone DM. A ban on menthol cigarettes: impact on public opinion and smokers’ intention to quit. Am J Public Health. 2012;102(11):e107–14.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  99. Murray RP, Connett JE, Buist AS, Gerald LB, Eichenhorn MS. Experience of Black participants in the Lung Health Study smoking cessation intervention program. Nicotine Tob Res. 2001;3(4):375–82.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  100. Burgess DJ, van Ryn M, Noorbaloochi S, Clothier B, Taylor BC, Sherman S, et al. Smoking cessation among African American and white smokers in the veterans affairs health care system. Am J Public Health. 2014;104(Suppl 4):S580–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  101. https://www.naquitline.org/page/GQN.

  102. Zhu SH, Gardiner P, Cummins S, Anderson C, Wong S, Cowling D, et al. Quitline utilization rates of African-American and white smokers: the California experience. Am J Health Promot. 2011;25(5 Suppl):S51–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  103. Rabius V, Wiatrek D, McAlister AL. African American participation and success in telephone counseling for smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2012;14(2):240–2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  104. Sood A, Andoh J, Verhulst S, Ganesh M, Edson B, Hopkins-Price P. “Real-world” effectiveness of reactive telephone counseling for smoking cessation: a randomized controlled trial. Chest. 2009;136(5):1229–36.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  105. Webb Hooper M, Carpenter K, Payne M, Resnicow K. Effects of a culturally specific tobacco cessation intervention among African American Quitline enrollees: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Public Health. 2018;18(1):123.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  106. Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D, Freedman ND, Prentice R, Lopez AD, et al. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(4):351–64.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  107. Perkins KA, Scott J. Sex differences in long-term smoking cessation rates due to nicotine patch. Nicotine Tob Res. 2008;10(7):1245–50.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  108. Langdon KJ, Leventhal AM, Stewart S, Rosenfield D, Steeves D, Zvolensky MJ. Anhedonia and anxiety sensitivity: prospective relationships to nicotine withdrawal symptoms during smoking cessation. J Stud Alcohol Drugs. 2013;74(3):469–78.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  109. Chenoweth MJ, Novalen M, Hawk LW, Schnoll RA, George TP, Cinciripini PM, et al. Known and novel sources of variability in the nicotine metabolite ratio in a large sample of treatment-seeking smokers. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev. 2014;23(9):1773–82.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  110. Johnstone E, Benowitz N, Cargill A, Jacob R, Hinks L, Day I, et al. Determinants of the rate of nicotine metabolism and effects on smoking behavior. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006;80(4):319–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  111. Lerman C, Schnoll RA, Hawk LW, Cinciripini P, George TP, Wileyto EP, et al. Use of the nicotine metabolite ratio as a genetically informed biomarker of response to nicotine patch or varenicline for smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med. 2015;3(2):131–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  112. Lerman C, Tyndale R, Patterson F, Wileyto EP, Shields PG, Pinto A, et al. Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts efficacy of transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2006;79(6):600–8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  113. Smith PH, Weinberger AH, Zhang J, Emme E, Mazure CM, McKee SA. Sex differences in smoking cessation pharmacotherapy comparative efficacy: a network meta-analysis. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;19(3):273–81.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  114. Franklin T, Wang Z, Suh JJ, Hazan R, Cruz J, Li Y, et al. Effects of varenicline on smoking cue–triggered neural and craving responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2011;68(5):516–26.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  115. Faessel HM, Obach RS, Rollema H, Ravva P, Williams KE, Burstein AH. A review of the clinical pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of varenicline for smoking cessation. Clin Pharmacokinet. 2010;49(12):799–816.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  116. Borrelli B. Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. In: Advances in smoking cessation. London: Future Medicine Ltd; 2013. p. 128–41.

    Google Scholar 

  117. Lai DT, Cahill K, Qin Y, Tang JL. Motivational interviewing for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;1:CD006936.

    Google Scholar 

  118. Heckman CJ, Egleston BL, Hofmann MT. Efficacy of motivational interviewing for smoking cessation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Tob Control. 2010;19(5):410–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  119. Klemperer EM, Hughes JR, Solomon LJ, Callas PW, Fingar JR. Motivational, reduction and usual care interventions for smokers who are not ready to quit: a randomized controlled trial. Addiction. 2017;112(1):146–55.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  120. 2008 PHS Guideline Update Panel La, and Staff. Treating tobacco use and dependence: 2008 update U.S. Public Health Service Clinical Practice Guideline executive summary. Respir Care. 2008;53(9):1217–22.

    Google Scholar 

  121. Carpenter MJ, Hughes JR, Gray KM, Wahlquist AE, Saladin ME, Alberg AJ. Nicotine therapy sampling to induce quit attempts among smokers unmotivated to quit: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Intern Med. 2011;171(21):1901–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  122. Lindson N, Aveyard P, Hughes JR. Reduction versus abrupt cessation in smokers who want to quit. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010;3:CD008033.

    Google Scholar 

  123. Hawk L, State University of New York at Buffalo. EVarQuit: extended pre-quit varenicline to assist in quitting smoking (NCT03262662) ClinicalTrials.gov: a service of the U.S. National Institutes of Health. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03262662. Accessed 22 Mar 2019.

  124. Wu L, Sun S, He Y, Zeng J. Effect of smoking reduction therapy on smoking cessation for smokers without an intention to quit: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2015;12(9):10235–53.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  125. McBride CM, Emmons KM, Lipkus IM. Understanding the potential of teachable moments: the case of smoking cessation. Health Educ Res. 2003;18(2):156–70.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  126. Lawson PJ, Flocke SA. Teachable moments for health behavior change: a concept analysis. Patient Educ Couns. 2009;76(1):25–30.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  127. Kathuria H, Detterbeck FC, Fathi JT, Fennig K, Gould MK, Jolicoeur DG, et al. Stakeholder research priorities for smoking cessation interventions within lung cancer screening programs. An official American Thoracic Society research statement. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2017;196(9):1202–12.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  128. Tan ASL, Young-Wolff KC, Carter-Harris L, Salloum RG, Banerjee SC. Disparities in the receipt of tobacco treatment counseling within the US context of the affordable care act and meaningful use implementation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2017;20:1474.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  129. Taylor KL, Hagerman CJ, Luta G, Bellini PG, Stanton C, Abrams DB, et al. Preliminary evaluation of a telephone-based smoking cessation intervention in the lung cancer screening setting: a randomized clinical trial. Lung Cancer. 2017;108:242–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  130. Kathuria H, Koppelman E, Borrelli B, Slatore CG, Clark JA, Lasser KE, et al. Patient-physician discussions on lung cancer screening: a missed teachable moment to promote smoking cessation. Nicotine Tob Res. 2018;22:431.

    Article  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  131. Ho KY, Li WHC, Lam KKW, Wang MP, Xia W, Ho LY, et al. Smoking behaviours of Hong Kong Chinese hospitalised patients and predictors of smoking abstinence after discharge: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2018;8(12):e023965.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  132. Hutchinson J, Mangera Z, Searle L, Lewis A, Agrawal S. Treatment of tobacco dependence in UK hospitals: an observational study. Clin Med (Lond). 2018;18(1):35–40.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  133. Rigotti NA, Clair C, Munafò MR, Stead LF. Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;5:CD001837.

    Google Scholar 

  134. Cashman SB, Savageau JA, Lemay CA, Ferguson W. Patient health status and appointment keeping in an urban community health center. J Health Care Poor Underserved. 2004;15(3):474–88.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  135. Epstein D, Barak-Corren Y, Isenberg Y, Berger G. Clinical decision support system: a pragmatic tool to improve acute exacerbation of COPD discharge recommendations. COPD. 2019;16:1–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  136. Rigotti NA, Regan S, Levy DE, Japuntich S, Chang Y, Park ER, et al. Sustained care intervention and postdischarge smoking cessation among hospitalized adults: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2014;312(7):719–28.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  137. Rigotti NA, Tindle HA, Regan S, Levy DE, Chang Y, Carpenter KM, et al. A post-discharge smoking-cessation intervention for hospital patients: helping hand 2 randomized clinical trial. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(4):597–608.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  138. Riley H, Headley S, Winter C, Mazur S, Gaalema DE, Goff S, et al. Effect of smoking status on exercise perception and intentions for cardiac rehabilitation enrollment among patients hospitalized with an acute cardiac condition. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2018;38(5):286–90.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  139. Duffy SA, Ronis DL, Ewing LA, Waltje AH, Hall SV, Thomas PL, et al. Implementation of the tobacco tactics intervention versus usual care in trinity health community hospitals. Implement Sci. 2016;11(1):147.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  140. Cruvinel E, Richter KP, Stoney C, Duffy S, Fellows J, Harrington KF, et al. CHARTing a path to pragmatic tobacco treatment research. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(4):630–6.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  141. Morris JF, Temple W. Spirometric “lung age” estimation for motivating smoking cessation. Prev Med. 1985;14(5):655–62.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  142. van Eerd EA, van der Meer RM, van Schayck OC, Kotz D. Smoking cessation for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;(8):Cd010744.

    Google Scholar 

  143. Parkes G, Greenhalgh T, Griffin M, Dent R. Effect on smoking quit rate of telling patients their lung age: the Step2quit randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2008;336(7644):598–600.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  144. Mannino DM, Homa DM, Redd SC. Involuntary smoking and asthma severity in children: data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Chest. 2002;122(2):409–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  145. Halterman JS, Szilagyi PG, Yoos HL, Conn KM, Kaczorowski JM, Holzhauer RJ, et al. Benefits of a school-based asthma treatment program in the absence of secondhand smoke exposure: results of a randomized clinical trial. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2004;158(5):460–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  146. Borrelli B, McQuaid EL, Wagener TL, Hammond SK. Children with asthma versus healthy children: differences in secondhand smoke exposure and caregiver perceived risk. Nicotine Tob Res. 2014;16(5):554–61.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  147. Borrelli B, Endrighi R, Hammond SK, Dunsiger S. Smokers who are unmotivated to quit and have a child with asthma are more likely to quit with intensive motivational interviewing and repeated biomarker feedback. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2017;85(11):1019–28.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  148. Borrelli B, McQuaid EL, Tooley EM, Busch AM, Hammond SK, Becker B, et al. Motivating parents of kids with asthma to quit smoking: the effect of the teachable moment and increasing intervention intensity using a longitudinal randomized trial design. Addiction. 2016;111(9):1646–55.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  149. Farber HJ, Walley SC, Groner JA, Nelson KE, Control ST. Clinical practice policy to protect children from tobacco, nicotine, and tobacco smoke. Pediatrics. 2015;136(5):1008–17.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Enid Neptune

  2. Comprehensive Smoking Treatment Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Frank T. Leone

  3. The Pulmonary Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA

    Hasmeena Kathuria

Authors
  1. Enid Neptune
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Frank T. Leone
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Hasmeena Kathuria
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Hasmeena Kathuria .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Marilyn L. Moy

  2. School of Science & Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia

    Felicity Blackstock

  3. Providence VA Medical Center, Providence, RI, USA

    Linda Nici

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Neptune, E., Leone, F.T., Kathuria, H. (2020). Smoking Cessation: Breaking the Strong Addiction. In: Moy, M., Blackstock, F., Nici, L. (eds) Enhancing Patient Engagement in Pulmonary Healthcare. Respiratory Medicine. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44889-9_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44889-9_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Humana, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-44888-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-44889-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation