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Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Knee Osteoarthritis

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Comprehensive Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis

Abstract

The prevalence of knee osteoarthritis is increasing worldwide and is the most common cause of disability in adults. The clinical manifestations of osteoarthritis decrease quality of life and entail a high cost to society. Before considering rehabilitation for knee osteoarthritis, a complete clinical evaluation is needed, both for the joint and the patient as a whole. Physical exercise appears to be the most effective therapy for controlling symptoms and can delay disease progression and thus the need for joint replacement. Within the types of exercise available for physical therapy, the most effective appear to be strengthening and aerobic exercises, although proprioceptive exercises can also be beneficial. Backward walking, blood flow restriction, and hydrotherapy can increase tolerance to training. Physical exercise should be combined with educational and habit change measures. The most effective therapeutic modalities for knee osteoarthritis appear to be magnet therapy and ultrasound, although cold therapy can also be useful. For varus deformities, braces with medial knee compartment relief can be beneficial. Manual therapy and kinesio tape, however, do not appear to have a significant clinical benefit in isolation and should be used in conjunction with broader therapeutic strategies such as exercise.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, “Cruz Roja San José y Santa Adela” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    Juan M. Román-Belmonte

  2. Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    Hortensia De la Corte-Rodríguez

  3. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, “La Paz” University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán

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  1. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    E. Carlos Rodríguez-Merchán

  2. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, La Paz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain

    Primitivo Gómez-Cardero

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Román-Belmonte, J.M., De la Corte-Rodríguez, H., Rodríguez-Merchán, E.C. (2020). Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation in Knee Osteoarthritis. In: Rodríguez-Merchán, E., Gómez-Cardero, P. (eds) Comprehensive Treatment of Knee Osteoarthritis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44492-1_2

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