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Structural Modifications of Polymers by Pulsed Electrical Discharges in Liquids

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Abstract

Pulsed electrical discharges generated at atmospheric pressure in liquids have become one of the most interesting techniques for the functionalization of polymers. The generation of plasmas in liquids with short high voltage pulses for material modification is very new, but the approach offers the potential to be highly flexible with regard to their range of applications. When water is subjected to a high electric field, a high amount of excited species, such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydroxyl radicals, are produced, which may efficiently interact with molecules and bulk-materials, inducing structural modifications. The material surface tailoring with different functionalities is possible, due to a wide range of functional groups that can be generated in liquid plasma by using anionic or cationic solutions. Polymer nanocomposites may be synthesized in a one-step process, nanomaterials being generated in plasma discharge and incorporated into the polymer matrix which is also placed in the plasma reactor during this process. Different reactions set in motion are determined by the way the electrical energy that is provided is dissipated in different mechanisms. Our experiments have shown that structural modifications of polymers and nanocomposite obtained when using nanosecond voltage pulses differ significantly from treatments with plasmas in liquids that have been generated with longer (microsecond) pulse duration. Therefore, pulse electrical discharges in liquids may be used for a controlled and efficient structural modification of polymers.

This chapter is a review on recent progress and new developments in modification of the polymer films structure and synthesis of nanocomposites after treatment by pulsed electrical discharges in liquids. First, a brief introduction of the plasma formed in liquids, the mechanism of plasma breakdown and reactive species formation. The polymers used in our studies and the influence of plasma treatment on the electrical, optical, and mechanical properties are described, according to the results obtained using different characterization methods.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Camelia Miron

  2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Takahiro Ishizaki

  3. “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, Iasi, Romania

    Ion Sava & Liviu Sacarescu

  4. Leibniz-Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, INP Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany

    Juergen F. Kolb

  5. National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Bucharest, Romania

    Cristian P. Lungu

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  1. Camelia Miron
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  2. Ion Sava
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  3. Liviu Sacarescu
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  4. Takahiro Ishizaki
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  5. Juergen F. Kolb
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  6. Cristian P. Lungu
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Correspondence to Camelia Miron .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Low-temperature Plasma Sciences, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan

    Camelia Miron

  2. Shibaura Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan

    Paolo Mele

  3. Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science, Kanagawa, Japan

    Satoru Kaneko

  4. Japan Advanced Chemicals, Mie, Japan

    Tamio Endo

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Miron, C., Sava, I., Sacarescu, L., Ishizaki, T., Kolb, J.F., Lungu, C.P. (2020). Structural Modifications of Polymers by Pulsed Electrical Discharges in Liquids. In: Miron, C., Mele, P., Kaneko, S., Endo, T. (eds) Carbon-Related Materials. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44230-9_6

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