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Skeletal Muscle Development: From Stem Cells to Body Movement

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Concepts and Applications of Stem Cell Biology

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Abstract

Development is the story of how stem cells multiply and specialise to differentiate into specific cell types which will make the tissues, organs and systems of the adult organism. In this chapter, this concept is illustrated by the example of the development of one tissue, namely skeletal muscle. Skeletal muscles are a component of the musculo-skeletal system which also includes the bones, tendons, nerves and blood vessels. All muscle stem cells (except the ones forming the muscles of the head) arise from specific transient mesodermal structures of early embryos called dermomyotomes. Along embryonic, then foetal and post-natal development, these cells are specified by a combination of different signals. They respond to these combinatory signals by migrating to their final destination, where they align and differentiate in perfect synchrony with the developing nerves, bones, tendons and blood vessels. During this process, some muscle stem cells keep their stemness until adulthood and are set aside, forming a reservoir of quiescent muscle stem cells. These cells, called satellite cells, are activated upon exercise, injury or disease. Knowing the story of muscle stem cells during development not only shows us how muscles are constructed but also provides a better understanding of the mechanisms of muscle-related diseases.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the members of our group, particularly Gabriela Rodrigues, Luís Marques and Inês Antunes, for their contributions to this chapter, and multiple generations of students of the MSc in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology (► http://bed.campus.ciencias.ulisboa.pt/) for their interest in this topic. The MF20 and Pax3 antibodies were developed by DA Fischman and CP Ordahl, respectively, and were obtained from the Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank, developed under the auspices of the NICHD and maintained by the University of Iowa, Department of Biology, Iowa City, IA52242, USA. The original data shown in figures in this chapter were obtained within projects financed by Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT), Portugal (PTDC/SAU-BID/120130/2010) and Association Française contre les Myopathies (AFM) – Téléthon, France (project n° 19959). MD and ABG were supported by fellowships SFRH/BPD/65370/2009 and SFRH/BD/90827/2012 from FCT. ABG is an alumnus of the MSc in Evolutionary and Developmental Biology.

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  1. Marianne Deries and André B. Gonçalves contributed equally to this chapter.

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  1. Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal

    Marianne Deries, André B. Gonçalves & Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir

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Correspondence to Sólveig Thorsteinsdóttir .

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  1. Centro de Ecologia, Evolução e Alterações Ambientais, Departamento de Biologia Animal, Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

    Gabriela Rodrigues

  2. Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology, Department Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht Universtity, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Bernard A. J. Roelen

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Deries, M., Gonçalves, A.B., Thorsteinsdóttir, S. (2020). Skeletal Muscle Development: From Stem Cells to Body Movement. In: Rodrigues, G., Roelen, B.A.J. (eds) Concepts and Applications of Stem Cell Biology. Learning Materials in Biosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43939-2_9

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