Towards Efficient Financial Supply Chains: How to Leverage Inter-organizational Working Capital by Digitalizing the Financial Flows

Lind, Lotta; Schupp, Florian

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-43502-8_10

Lotta Lind³ &
Florian Schupp⁴

Part of the book series: Management for Professionals ((MANAGPROF))

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Abstract

Traditionally, the focus in the supply chains has been on enabling the smooth material and information flows along the chain. However, in recent years, the potential of efficient financial flows and the inter-organizational perspective to working capital (WC) management have received increasing interest among companies as well as researchers. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate the potential of financial collaboration by proposing a model for WC optimization in the supply chain via payment term adjustments. The model is tested with seven scenarios, which show that remarkable amounts of WC could be released by adjusting and harmonizing the payment terms in the supply chain. The introduced model provides a novel perspective on collaborative WC management in the supply chain by enabling win-win situations with a unique incentive system, sets the supply chain up in a financially lean way and saves capital for real investments. The chapter provides practical support for the optimization of WC at the supply chain level.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

ABB Oy, Helsinki, Finland
Lotta Lind
Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Florian Schupp

Authors

Lotta Lind
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Florian Schupp
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Lotta Lind .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
Florian Schupp
Schaeffler Automotive Buehl GmbH & Co. KG, Bühl, Germany
Heiko Wöhner

Appendix: Results of Different Scenarios

		Current		Scenario 1: “Least losers”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	30	22	53	53	2	−345.5		397.4	51.8
	DuPont	61	50	30	55	50	50	−6	448.7	142.4		306.3
	EMS	50	22	30	46	22	22	−4	16.9	5.4		11.5
	Evonik	46	30	30	43	30	30	−3	120.7	38.3		82.4
	Lanxess	46	33	30	43	33	33	−3	73.8	23.4		50.4
	Salzgitter	59	37	30	53	37	37	−6	149.3	47.4		101.9
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	30	42	39	39	−4	420.3	133.4		286.9
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	40	48	30	32	−12	176.9	56.1		120.8
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	40	49	30	30	−5	5.6	1.8		3.8
	Bekaert	74	39	40	58	30	35	−11	102.9	32.7		70.3
	Daetwyler	48	20	40	43	30	26	−11	32.3	10.2		22.0
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	40	43	30	29	−32	106.5	33.8		72.7
	Federal Mogul	70	43	40	52	30	35	−10	150.9	47.9		103.0
	Georg Fischer	57	39	40	51	30	36	−3	24.6	7.8		16.8
	GKN	62	82	40	49	30	51	18	−406.7		467.7	61.0
	Hella	50	38	40	43	30	32	−2	24.6	7.8		16.8
	Leoni	48	63	40	43	30	43	15	−169.6		195.0	25.4
	Miba	55	35	40	46	30	32	−6	10.5	3.3		7.2
	Nidec	84	65	40	57	30	44	−5	107.9	34.2		73.7
	Polytec	39	28	40	40	30	30	0	0.7	0.2		0.4
	Rheinmetall	82	54	40	61	30	42	−9	119.5	37.9		81.6
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	40	43	30	48	4	−426.2		490.1	63.9
	Tyco	59	30	40	48	30	30	−12	293.2	93.0		200.2
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	40	44	40	38	−17	532.7	169.0		363.7
	Continental	60	50	40	48	40	44	−6	578.7	183.6		395.1
	Bosch	65	29	40	50	40	35	−22	3234.9	1026.5		2208.5
	Mahle	60	34	40	45	40	39	−19	427.2	135.5		291.6
	ZF Sachs	51	46	40	41	40	40	−5	270.3	85.8		184.5
	Valeo	50	76	40	41	40	45	23	−776.7		893.2	116.5
	BorgWarner	64	70	40	46	40	48	5	−79.8		91.8	12.0
	Magna	57	52	40	44	40	43	−4	287.0	91.1		196.0
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	40	40	−8	1705.8	541.3		1164.5
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	40	40	−11	3842.8	1219.3		2623.4
	VW	21	35	21	21	40	40	−5	2778.1	881.5		1896.6
	Renault	10	59	10	10	40	40	19	−2222.0		2555.3	333.3
								Total	11,616.6	5090.7	5090.7	11,616.6

		Current		Scenario 2: “Same payment term through the chain”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	38	23	53	53	4	−617.2		709.8	92.6
	Dupont	61	50	38	57	50	50	−5	334.6	122.0		212.6
	EMS	50	22	38	48	22	22	−2	10.1	3.7		6.4
	Evonik	46	30	38	45	30	30	−2	61.6	22.5		39.1
	Lanxess	46	33	38	44	33	33	−2	36.9	13.4		23.4
	Salzgitter	59	37	38	55	37	37	−4	108.1	39.4		68.7
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	38	44	39	39	−2	212.5	77.5		135.0
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	38	46	38	37	−19	274.0	99.9		174.1
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	38	48	38	33	−8	9.7	3.5		6.2
	Bekaert	74	39	38	58	38	38	−16	144.6	52.7		91.9
	Daetwyler	48	20	38	42	38	31	−17	50.3	18.3		31.9
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	38	41	38	36	−41	136.9	49.9		87.0
	Federal Mogul	70	43	38	51	38	40	−16	241.1	87.9		153.2
	Georg Fischer	57	39	38	50	38	39	−6	55.4	20.2		35.2
	GKN	62	82	38	48	38	56	12	−269.7		310.2	40.5
	Hella	50	38	38	41	38	38	−9	138.4	50.5		88.0
	Leoni	48	63	38	42	38	48	9	−103.7		119.3	15.6
	Miba	55	35	38	45	38	37	−12	21.1	7.7		13.4
	Nidec	84	65	38	56	38	49	−11	226.0	82.4		143.6
	Polytec	39	28	38	38	38	37	−9	14.1	5.2		9.0
	Rheinmetall	82	54	38	60	38	46	−14	184.3	67.2		117.1
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	38	43	38	50	2	−198.2		228.0	29.7
	Tyco	59	30	38	47	38	35	−18	442.1	161.2		280.9
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	38	42	38	37	−17	532.7	194.2		338.5
	Continental	60	50	38	47	38	43	−6	578.7	211.0		367.8
	Bosch	65	29	38	49	38	34	−22	3234.9	1179.3		2055.6
	Mahle	60	34	38	43	38	37	−19	427.2	155.7		271.4
	ZF Sachs	51	46	38	39	38	39	−5	270.3	98.5		171.8
	Valeo	50	76	38	40	38	43	23	−776.7		893.2	116.5
	BorgWarner	64	70	38	44	38	46	5	−79.8		91.8	12.0
	Magna	57	52	38	43	38	41	−4	287.0	104.6		182.4
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	32	38	−6	1273.7	464.3		809.4
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	29	38	−9	3165.3	1153.9		2011.4
	VW	21	35	21	21	35	38	−3	1720.8	627.3		1093.5
	Renault	10	59	10	10	59	38	21	−2453.5		2821.5	368.0
								Total	9693.4	5173.8	5173.8	9693.4

		Current		Scenario 3: “Happy upstream”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	35	23	53	53	3	−515.3		592.6	77.3
	Dupont	61	50	35	56	50	50	−5	377.4	386.9		−9.5
	EMS	50	22	35	47	22	22	−3	12.6	12.9		−0.3
	Evonik	46	30	35	44	30	30	−2	83.8	85.9		−2.1
	Lanxess	46	33	35	44	33	33	−2	50.7	52.0		−1.3
	Salzgitter	59	37	35	54	37	37	−5	123.6	126.7		−3.1
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	35	44	39	39	−3	290.4	297.7		−7.3
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	30	41	35	35	−22	322.6	330.7		−8.1
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	30	45	35	32	−10	11.7	12.0		−0.3
	Bekaert	74	39	30	54	35	37	−18	165.4	169.5		−4.2
	Daetwyler	48	20	30	37	35	29	−20	59.2	60.7		−1.5
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	30	34	35	34	−45	152.1	155.9		−3.8
	Federal Mogul	70	43	30	46	35	38	−19	286.2	293.4		−7.2
	Georg Fischer	57	39	30	47	35	38	−8	70.8	72.5		−1.8
	GKN	62	82	30	43	35	54	9	−201.2		231.4	30.2
	Hella	50	38	30	35	35	36	−13	195.4	200.3		−4.9
	Leoni	48	63	30	37	35	46	6	−70.8		81.4	10.6
	Miba	55	35	30	40	35	35	−15	26.3	27.0		−0.7
	Nidec	84	65	30	51	35	47	−14	285.0	292.2		-7.2
	Polytec	39	28	30	31	35	34	−14	20.9	21.4		−0.5
	Rheinmetall	82	54	30	56	35	44	−17	216.6	222.1		−5.4
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	30	41	35	49	1	−84.3		96.9	12.6
	Tyco	59	30	30	42	35	33	−21	516.6	529.5		−13.0
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	30	36	30	31	−17	532.7	546.1		−13.4
	Continental	60	50	30	42	30	38	−6	578.7	593.3		−14.5
	Bosch	65	29	30	44	30	29	−22	3234.9	3316.2		−81.3
	Mahle	60	34	30	37	30	31	−19	427.2	437.9		−10.7
	ZF Sachs	51	46	30	31	30	31	−5	270.3	277.1		−6.8
	Valeo	50	76	30	33	30	36	23	−776.7		893.2	116.5
	BorgWarner	64	70	30	38	30	40	5	−79.8		91.8	12.0
	Magna	57	52	30	37	30	35	−4	287.0	294.3		−7.2
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	30	30	2	−454.8		523.0	68.2
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	30	30	−1	455.6	467.0		−11.4
	VW	21	35	21	21	30	30	5	−2508.3		2884.5	376.2
	Renault	10	59	10	10	30	30	29	−3379.4		3886.3	506.9
								Total	983.1	9281.2	9281.2	983.1

		Current		Scenario 4: “Happy downstream”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	45	25	53	53	5	−854.9		983.1	128.2
	Dupont	61	50	45	58	50	50	−3	234.9	94.5		140.3
	EMS	50	22	45	49	22	22	−1	4.1	1.7		2.5
	Evonik	46	30	45	46	30	30	0	9.8	4.0		5.9
	Lanxess	46	33	45	46	33	33	0	4.6	1.9		2.7
	Salzgitter	59	37	45	56	37	37	−3	72.0	29.0		43.0
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	45	46	39	39	0	30.6	12.3		18.3
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	45	51	45	42	−19	274.0	110.3		163.7
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	45	51	45	35	−8	9.7	3.9		5.8
	Bekaert	74	39	45	61	45	42	−16	144.6	58.2		86.4
	Daetwyler	48	20	45	46	45	35	−17	50.3	20.2		30.0
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	45	47	45	43	−41	136.9	55.1		81.8
	Federal Mogul	70	43	45	55	45	44	−16	241.1	97.1		144.1
	Georg Fischer	57	39	45	53	45	41	−6	55.4	22.3		33.1
	GKN	62	82	45	52	45	60	12	−269.7		310.2	40.5
	Hella	50	38	45	46	45	43	−9	138.4	55.7		82.7
	Leoni	48	63	45	46	45	52	9	−103.7		119.3	15.6
	Miba	55	35	45	49	45	41	−12	21.1	8.5		12.6
	Nidec	84	65	45	60	45	53	−11	226.0	91.0		135.0
	Polytec	39	28	45	44	45	43	−9	14.1	5.7		8.4
	Rheinmetall	82	54	45	64	45	49	−14	184.3	74.2		110.1
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	45	44	45	51	2	−198.2		228.0	29.7
	Tyco	59	30	45	51	45	39	−18	442.1	178.0		264.1
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	35	40	45	42	−24	774.3	311.7		462.6
	Continental	60	50	35	45	45	47	−12	1138.7	458.4		680.3
	Bosch	65	29	35	47	45	38	−28	4121.2	1659.0		2462.2
	Mahle	60	34	35	41	45	42	−27	593.7	239.0		354.7
	ZF Sachs	51	46	35	36	45	45	−14	766.0	308.4		457.7
	Valeo	50	76	35	37	45	49	14	−481.1		553.3	72.2
	BorgWarner	64	70	35	42	45	51	−3	42.6	17.1		25.4
	Magna	57	52	35	41	45	47	−12	810.7	326.4		484.4
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	35	35	−3	625.5	251.8		373.7
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	35	35	−6	2149.2	865.1		1284.0
	VW	21	35	21	21	35	35	0	134.9	54.3		80.6
	Renault	10	59	10	10	35	35	24	−2800.7		3220.8	420.1
								Total	8742.5	5414.6	5414.6	8742.5

		Current		Scenario 5: “Long payment terms”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	50	26	53	53	6	−1024.7		1178.4	153.7
	Dupont	61	50	50	59	50	50	−2	163.6	32.9		130.7
	EMS	50	22	50	50	22	22	0	−0.1		0.1	0.0
	Evonik	46	30	50	47	30	30	1	−27.1		31.2	4.1
	Lanxess	46	33	50	47	33	33	1	−18.5		21.2	2.8
	Salzgitter	59	37	50	57	37	37	−2	46.3	9.3		36.9
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	50	47	39	39	1	−99.2		114.1	14.9
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	52	56	50	45	−18	254.6	51.3		203.4
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	52	53	50	37	−8	8.9	1.8		7.1
	Bekaert	74	39	52	64	50	44	−15	136.2	27.4		108.8
	Daetwyler	48	20	52	50	50	38	−16	46.7	9.4		37.3
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	52	53	50	47	−39	130.8	26.3		104.5
	Federal Mogul	70	43	52	59	50	47	−15	223.1	44.9		178.2
	Georg Fischer	57	39	52	55	50	43	−6	49.2	9.9		39.3
	GKN	62	82	52	56	50	63	13	−297.1		341.7	44.6
	Hella	50	38	52	52	50	47	−8	115.7	23.3		92.4
	Leoni	48	63	52	50	50	55	11	−116.9		134.5	17.5
	Miba	55	35	52	53	50	44	−11	19.0	3.8		15.1
	Nidec	84	65	52	65	50	56	−10	202.4	40.7		161.6
	Polytec	39	28	52	51	50	48	−8	11.4	2.3		9.1
	Rheinmetall	82	54	52	67	50	52	−13	171.3	34.5		136.8
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	52	45	50	52	2	−243.8		280.4	36.6
	Tyco	59	30	52	55	50	42	−17	412.3	83.0		329.3
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	45	47	52	47	−22	701.8	141.3		560.6
	Continental	60	50	45	51	52	51	−10	970.7	195.4		775.3
	Bosch	65	29	45	53	52	43	−26	3855.3	776.1		3079.3
	Mahle	60	34	45	49	52	48	−24	543.8	109.5		434.3
	ZF Sachs	51	46	45	45	52	52	−12	617.3	124.3		493.0
	Valeo	50	76	45	46	52	55	17	−569.8		655.3	85.5
	BorgWarner	64	70	45	50	52	57	0	5.8	1.2		4.7
	Magna	57	52	45	48	52	52	−9	653.6	131.6		522.0
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	45	45	−13	2786.1	560.8		2225.2
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	45	45	−16	5536.3	1114.5		4421.9
	VW	21	35	21	21	45	45	−10	5421.3	1091.3		4330.0
	Renault	10	59	10	10	45	45	14	−1643.4		1889.9	246.5
								Total	19,042.9	4646.7	4646.7	19,042.9

		Current		Scenario 6: “Short payment terms”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	25	21	53	53	1	−175.7		202.1	26.4
	Dupont	61	50	25	54	50	50	−7	519.9	292.5		227.4
	EMS	50	22	25	45	22	22	−5	21.1	11.9		9.2
	Evonik	46	30	25	42	30	30	−4	157.7	88.7		69.0
	Lanxess	46	33	25	42	33	33	−4	96.8	54.5		42.4
	Salzgitter	59	37	25	52	37	37	−7	175.1	98.5		76.6
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	25	41	39	39	−5	550.2	309.5		240.7
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	30	41	25	28	−16	225.5	126.9		98.6
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	30	45	25	28	−7	7.7	4.3		3.3
	Bekaert	74	39	30	54	25	33	−13	123.7	69.6		54.1
	Daetwyler	48	20	30	37	25	23	−14	41.3	23.2		18.1
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	30	34	25	25	−36	121.7	68.5		53.2
	Federal Mogul	70	43	30	46	25	32	−13	196.0	110.3		85.7
	Georg Fischer	57	39	30	47	25	34	−5	40.0	22.5		17.5
	GKN	62	82	30	43	25	48	15	−338.2		388.9	50.7
	Hella	50	38	30	35	25	28	−5	81.5	45.9		35.7
	Leoni	48	63	30	37	25	40	12	−136.7		157.2	20.5
	Miba	55	35	30	40	25	29	−9	15.8	8.9		6.9
	Nidec	84	65	30	51	25	41	−8	166.9	93.9		73.0
	Polytec	39	28	30	31	25	25	−5	7.4	4.2		3.2
	Rheinmetall	82	54	30	56	25	39	−12	151.9	85.4		66.4
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	30	41	25	47	3	−312.2		359.1	46.8
	Tyco	59	30	30	42	25	27	−15	367.7	206.8		160.8
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	35	40	30	31	−13	411.8	231.7		180.1
	Continental	60	50	35	45	30	38	−3	298.8	168.1		130.7
	Bosch	65	29	35	47	30	29	−19	2791.8	1570.6		1221.2
	Mahle	60	34	35	41	30	31	−15	343.9	193.5		150.4
	ZF Sachs	51	46	35	36	30	31	0	22.4	12.6		9.8
	Valeo	50	76	35	37	30	36	27	−924.5		1063.2	138.7
	BorgWarner	64	70	35	42	30	40	9	−141.0		162.2	21.2
	Magna	57	52	35	41	30	35	0	25.2	14.2		11.0
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	35	35	−3	625.5	351.9		273.6
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	35	35	−6	2149.2	1209.1		940.1
	VW	21	35	21	21	35	35	0	134.9	75.9		59.0
	Renault	10	59	10	10	35	35	24	−2800.7		3220.8	420.1
								Total	5042.2	5553.5	5553.5	5042.2

		Current		Scenario 7: “Bringing DSO and DPO closer together”
		DSO	DPO	DSO (automotive)	DSO (total)	DPO (automotive)	DPO (total)	Δ CCC	WC released (M€)	Compensation paid (M€)	Compensation received (M€)	Benefit (M€)
Refined raw material suppliers	ArcelorMittal	20	53	45	25	53	53	5	−854.9		983.1	128.2
	Dupont	61	50	45	58	50	50	−3	234.9	22.2		212.6
	EMS	50	22	45	49	22	22	−1	4.1	0.4		3.8
	Evonik	46	30	45	46	30	30	0	9.8	0.9		8.9
	Lanxess	46	33	45	46	33	33	0	4.6	0.4		4.2
	Salzgitter	59	37	45	56	37	37	−3	72.0	6.8		65.2
	ThyssenKrupp	46	39	45	46	39	39	0	30.6	2.9		27.7
Component suppliers	Alps	64	35	55	58	45	42	−12	176.9	16.8		160.2
	Austria Microsystems	54	30	55	54	45	35	−5	5.6	0.5		5.1
	Bekaert	74	39	55	65	45	42	−11	102.9	9.7		93.2
	Daetwyler	48	20	55	52	45	35	−11	32.3	3.1		29.2
	ElringKlinger AG	66	21	55	56	45	43	−32	106.5	10.1		96.4
	Federal Mogul	70	43	55	61	45	44	−10	150.9	14.3		136.6
	Georg Fischer	57	39	55	56	45	41	−3	24.6	2.3		22.3
	GKN	62	82	55	58	45	60	18	−406.7		467.7	61.0
	Hella	50	38	55	54	45	43	−2	24.6	2.3		22.3
	Leoni	48	63	55	52	45	52	15	−169.6		195.0	25.4
	Miba	55	35	55	55	45	41	−6	10.5	1.0		9.5
	Nidec	84	65	55	66	45	53	−5	107.9	10.2		97.7
	Polytec	39	28	55	53	45	43	0	0.7	0.1		0.6
	Rheinmetall	82	54	55	69	45	49	−9	119.5	11.3		108.2
	Saint-Gobain	44	52	55	46	45	51	4	−426.2		490.1	63.9
	Tyco	59	30	55	57	45	39	−12	293.2	27.8		265.4
System suppliers	Schaeffler Group	55	33	60	59	55	50	−13	411.8	39.0		372.8
	Continental	60	50	60	60	55	53	−3	298.8	28.3		270.5
	Bosch	65	29	60	62	55	44	−19	2791.8	264.4		2527.4
	Mahle	60	34	60	60	55	50	−15	343.9	32.6		311.3
	ZF Sachs	51	46	60	59	55	54	0	22.4	2.1		20.3
	Valeo	50	76	60	59	55	58	27	−924.5		1063.2	138.7
	BorgWarner	64	70	60	61	55	59	9	−141.0		162.2	21.2
	Magna	57	52	60	59	55	54	0	25.2	2.4		22.8
Car manufacturers	BMW	12	32	12	12	60	60	−28	6026.9	570.8		5456.1
	Daimler	24	29	24	24	60	60	−31	10,617.1	1005.5		9611.6
	VW	21	35	21	21	60	60	−25	13,350.9	1264.4		12,086.5
	Renault	10	59	10	10	60	60	−1	92.6	8.8		83.9
								Total	32,570.7	3361.4	3361.4	32,570.7

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Lind, L., Schupp, F. (2020). Towards Efficient Financial Supply Chains: How to Leverage Inter-organizational Working Capital by Digitalizing the Financial Flows. In: Schupp, F., Wöhner, H. (eds) The Nature of Purchasing. Management for Professionals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43502-8_10

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43502-8_10
Published: 21 May 2020
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Towards Efficient Financial Supply Chains: How to Leverage Inter-organizational Working Capital by Digitalizing the Financial Flows

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Appendix: Results of Different Scenarios

Appendix: Results of Different Scenarios

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