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Depressive Disorders

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Non Invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences

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Abstract

The main and best evidence-based indication to date to apply repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in psychiatric disorders is major depression. Nevertheless, given that the high occurrence of major depressive disorders poses a major challenge for health systems worldwide, there is an urgent need for improving the clinical efficacy of the existing approved rTMS applications and promoting the development of effective rTMS treatment approaches. Besides providing an overview of the current evidence here, we discuss novel stimulation patterns, targets, and coils; combined treatments and maintenance; personalization and stratification of rTMS parameters; and the treatment of subpopulations.​

On behalf of the Scientific Committee of the European Conference on Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry.

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Acknowledgments

The Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention of the Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences of the University of Coimbra is supported by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology and the Portuguese Ministry of Education and Science through national funds and co-financed by FEDER through COMPETE2020 under the PT2020 Partnership Agreement [UID/PSI/01662/2013]. This work was also supported by the German Center for Brain Stimulation (GCBS) research consortium (grant number 01EE1403), funded by the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and by a BOF16/GOA/017 grant for a Concerted Research Action of Ghent University (Belgium).

Financial support and sponsorship: None.

Conflicts of interest: CB, FP, and EP are members of the European Scientific Advisory Board of Brainsway Inc., Jerusalem, Israel. FP has received speaker’s honoraria from Mag&More GmbH and the neuroCare Group. His lab has received support with equipment from neuroConn GmbH, Ilmenau, Germany, and Mag&More GmbH and Brainsway Inc., Jerusalem, Israel. MA reports unpaid director and owner of Research Institute Brainclinics, a minority shareholder in neuroCare Group (Munich, Germany), and a coinventor on 4 patent applications related to EEG, neuromodulation and psychophysiology, but receives no royalties related to these patents; Research Institute Brainclinics received research funding from Brain Resource (Sydney, Australia) and neuroCare Group (Munich, Germany), and equipment support from Deymed, neuroConn, Brainsway, and Magventure.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Max-Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany

    Anna-Katharine Brem

  2. Division of Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurology, Berenson-Allen Center for Noninvasive Brain Stimulation, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Anna-Katharine Brem

  3. Department of Head and Skin, Ghent University, Brussels, Belgium

    Chris Baeken

  4. Ghent Experimental Psychiatry (GHEP) Lab, Brussels, Belgium

    Chris Baeken

  5. Department of Psychiatry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (UZBrussel), Brussels, Belgium

    Chris Baeken

  6. Research Institute Brainclinics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Martijn Arns

  7. Department of Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands

    Martijn Arns

  8. Departments of Internal Medicine and Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Andre R. Brunoni

  9. Psychiatric Hospital ‘Sveti Ivan’, Zagreb, Croatia

    Igor Filipčcić

  10. School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia

    Igor Filipčcić

  11. Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia

    Igor Filipčcić

  12. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal

    Ana Ganho-Ávila

  13. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany

    Berthold Langguth

  14. Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland

    Soili M. Lehto

  15. Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Soili M. Lehto

  16. Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland

    Soili M. Lehto

  17. Department of Psychiatry, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland

    Soili M. Lehto

  18. Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany

    Frank Padberg

  19. INSERM, U1028, CNRS, UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, PSY-R2 Team, University Claude Bernard Lyon1, Lyon, France

    Emmanuel Poulet

  20. Private Practice, Geneva, Switzerland

    Fady Rachid

  21. Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Alexander T. Sack

  22. Department of Experimental Clinical and Health Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt

  23. Department of Head and Skin, Unit of Psychiatry and Medical Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium

    Marie-Anne Vanderhasselt

  24. Department of Clinical Psychiatry, CHU de Besancon, CIC-1431 INSERM, CHU de Besançon, EA481 Neurosciences, University Bourgogne Franche-Comte, FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France

    Djamila Bennabi

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  1. Anna-Katharine Brem
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Correspondence to Chris Baeken .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, University of Milan, MILANO, Milano, Italy

    Bernardo Dell'Osso

  2. University of Rome Tor Vergata, Roma, Italy

    Giorgio Di Lorenzo

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Brem, AK. et al. (2020). Depressive Disorders. In: Dell'Osso, B., Di Lorenzo, G. (eds) Non Invasive Brain Stimulation in Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-43356-7_6

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