Abstract
Cereal grains and legumes globally significant source of nutritionally valuable substances like protein, fiber, vitamins, minerals, and functional bioactive compounds are important part of diet contributing significantly to nutrient intake and to their protective health effects. Due to the presence of unique balance of bioactive components like phytochemicals, polyphenols and antioxidants, gains have attained significant consideration. Processing of grains before using them is an essential component so they can be processed through diverse ways to improve their nutritional profile. So, germination is one of the traditional, economical and natural biological processing technique. A varied series of bioactive compounds can be influenced through germination process. Now a day’s application of grain germination is of developing interest to biologically activate the grains naturally, which can increase the nutritional, functional profile and bioactive composition of grains, besides can also improve the sensory properties of grain based foods. Therefore, this processing technique can be used as a way for producing food grains with boosted functional characteristics supplemented with different health promoting compounds.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aberoumand A, Deokule SS (2008) Comparison of phenolic compounds of some edible plants of Iran and India. Pakistan J Nut 7(4):582–585
Aborus NE, Čanadanović-Brunet J, Ćetković G, Šaponjac VT, Vulić J, Ilić N (2017) Powdered barley sprouts: composition, functionality and polyphenol digestibility. Int J Food Sci Technol 52(1):231–238
Abuajah CI, Ogbonna AC, Osuji CM (2015) Functional components and medicinal properties of food: a review. J Food Sci Technol 52(5):2522–2529
Agati G, Azzarello E, Pollastri S, Tattini M (2012) Flavonoids as antioxidants in plants: location and functional significance. Plant Sci 196:67–76
Alvarez-Jubete L, Wijngaard H, Arendt EK, Gallagher E (2010) Polyphenol composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of amaranth, quinoa buckwheat and wheat as affected by sprouting and baking. Food Chem 119(2):770–778
Amarowicz R, Pegg RB (2008) Legumes as a source of natural antioxidants. Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 110(10):865–878
American Association of Cereal Chemists International (2008) AACCI Standard definitions: whole grain. Retrieved 03 February 2013, 2013, from http://www.aaccnet.org/initiatives/definitions/Pages/WholeGrain.aspx
Aparicio-Fernández X, Reynoso-Camacho R, Castaño-Tostado E, García-Gasca T, de Mejía EG, Guzmán-Maldonado SH, Loarca-Pina G (2008) Antiradical capacity and induction of apoptosis on HeLa cells by a Phaseolus vulgaris extract. Plant Foods Hum Nutr 63(1):35–40
Ayernor GS, Ocloo FCK (2007) Physico-chemical changes and diastatic activity associated with germinating paddy rice (PSB. Rc 34). Afr J Food Sci 1(3):037–041
Banchuen J, Thammarutwasik P, Ooraikul B, Wuttijumnong P, Sirivongpaisal P (2009) Effect of germinating processes on bioactive component of Sangyod Muang Phatthalung rice. Thai J Agric Sci 42:191–199
Beta T, Liu Q, Qiu Y (2012) Effects of barley consumption on cardiovascular and diabetic risk. In: Cereals and pulses: Nutraceutical properties and health benefits, US: John Wiley & Sons, pp 7–19
Bewley JD, Black M (1994) Seeds. In: Seeds. Springer, Boston, pp 1–33
Björck I, Östman E, Kristensen M, Anson NM, Price RK, Haenen GR, Welch RW (2012) Cereal grains for nutrition and health benefits: overview of results from in vitro, animal and human studies in the HEALTHGRAIN project. Trends Food Sci Technol 25(2):87–100
Bouchenak M, Lamri-Senhadji M (2013) Nutritional quality of legumes, and their role in cardiometabolic risk prevention: a review. J Med Food 16(3):185–198
Boudjou S, Oomah BD, Zaidi F, Hosseinian F (2013) Phenolics content and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of legume fractions. Food Chem 138(2–3):1543–1550
Cai S, Wang O, Wu W, Zhu S, Zhou F, Ji B, Cheng Q (2011) Comparative study of the effects of solid-state fermentation with three filamentous fungi on the total phenolics content (TPC), flavonoids, and antioxidant activities of subfractions from oats (Avena sativa L.). J Agric Food Chem 60(1):507–513
Cardador-Martínez A, Loarca-Piña G, Oomah BD (2002) Antioxidant activity in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). J Agric Food Chem 50(24):6975–6980
Cencic A, Chingwaru W (2010) The role of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and food supplements in intestinal health. Nutrients 2(6):611–625
Cevallos-Casals BA, Cisneros-Zevallos L (2010) Impact of germination on phenolic content and antioxidant activity of 13 edible seed species. Food Chem 119(4):1485–1490
Chaput JP, Klingenberg L, Astrup A, Sjödin AM (2011) Modern sedentary activities promote overconsumption of food in our current obesogenic environment. Obes Rev 12(5):e12–e20
Cheung BM, Li C (2012) Diabetes and hypertension: is there a common metabolic pathway? Curr Atheroscler Rep 14(2):160–166
Das R, Biswas S, Banerjee ER (2016) Nutraceutical-prophylactic and therapeutic role of functional food in health. J Nutr Food Sci 6(527):2
Davidson RM, Gowda M, Moghe G, Lin H, Vaillancourt B, Shiu SH, Robin Buell C (2012) Comparative transcriptomics of three Poaceae species reveals patterns of gene expression evolution. Plant J 71(3):492–502
Del Socorro López-Cortez M, Rosales-Martínez P, Arellano-Cárdenas S, Cornejo-Mazón M (2016) Antioxidants properties and effect of processing methods on bioactive compounds of legumes In: Grain legumes. In Tech
Delcour JA, Rouau X, Courtin CM, Poutanen K, Ranieri R (2012) Technologies for enhanced exploitation of the health-promoting potential of cereals. Trends Food Sci Technol 25(2):78–86
Demeke T, Chang HG, Morris CF (2001) Effect of germination, seed abrasion and seed size on polyphenol oxidase assay activity in wheat. Plant Breed 120(5):369–373
Dicko MH, Gruppen H, Traoré AS, van Berkel WJ, Voragen AG (2005) Evaluation of the effect of germination on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities in sorghum varieties. J Agric Food Chem 53(7):2581–2588
Donkor ON, Stojanovska L, Ginn P, Ashton J, Vasiljevic T (2012) Germinated grains–sources of bioactive compounds. Food Chem 135(3):950–959
Dykes L, Rooney LW (2006) Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants. J Cereal Sci 44(3):236–251
Dykes L, Rooney LW (2007) Phenolic compounds in cereal grains and their health benefits. Cereal Foods World 52(3):105–111
Egli I, Davidsson L, Juillerat MA, Barclay D, Hurrell RF (2002) The influence of soaking and germination on the phytase activity and phytic acid content of grains and seeds potentially useful for complementary feedin. J Food Sci 67(9):3484–3488
Essa HAEE, El-Shemy MBA (2015) Prevalence of lifestyle associated risk factors for non-communicable diseases and its effect on quality of life among nursing students, faculty of nursing, Tanta University. Int J Adv Res 3(5):429–446
Fardet A (2010) New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: what is beyond fibre? Nut Res Rev 23(1):65–134
Fardet A, Rock E, Rémésy C, C. (2008) Is the in vitro antioxidant potential of whole-grain cereals and cereal products well reflected in vivo? J Cereal Sci 48(2):258–276
Fernandez-Orozco R, Piskula MK, Zielinski H, Kozlowska JF, Vidal-Valverde C (2006) Germination as a process to improve the antioxidant capacity of Lupinus angustifolius L. var. Zapaton. Eur Food Res Technol 223(4):495
Fernandez-Orozco R, Frias J, Zielinski H, Muñoz R, Piskula MK, Kozlowska H, Vidal-Valverde C (2009) Evaluation of bioprocesses to improve the antioxidant properties of chickpeas. LWT 42(4):885–892
Fernández-Sánchez A, Madrigal-Santillán E, Bautista M, Esquivel-Soto J, Morales-González A, Esquivel-Chirino C, Morales-González JA (2011) Inflammation, oxidative stress, and obesity. Int J Mol Sci 12(5):3117–3132
Fu L, Xu BT, Xu XR, Gan RY, Zhang Y, Xia EQ, Li HB, H. B. (2011) Antioxidant capacities and total phenolic contents of 62 fruits. Food Chem 129(2):345–350
Gan RY, Lui WY, Wu K, Chan CL, Dai SH, Sui ZQ, Corke H, H. (2017) Bioactive compounds and bioactivities of germinated edible seeds and sprouts: an updated review. Trends Food Sci Technol 59:1–14
Gani A, Wani SM, Masoodi FA, Hameed G, G. (2012) Whole-grain cereal bioactive compounds and their health benefits: a review. J Food Process Technol 3(3):146–156
Garriguet D (2007) Canadians’ eating habits. Health Rep 18(2):17
Gharachorloo M, Tarzi BG, Baharinia M, Hemaci AH (2012) Antioxidant activity and phenolic content of germinated lentil (Lens culinaris). J Med Plant Res 6(30):4562–4566
Gharachorloo M, Tarzi BG, Baharinia M, M. (2013) The effect of germination on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of pulses. J Am Oil Chem Soc 90(3):407–411
Go Grains Health and Nutrition (GGHN) (2010) The grains and legumes health report: a review of the science. Spit Point, NSW 2088: Go Grains Health and Nutrition
Grindberg RV, Ishoey T, Brinza D, Esquenazi E, Coates RC, Liu WT, Gerwick WH (2011) Single cell genome amplification accelerates identification of the apratoxin biosynthetic pathway from a complex microbial assemblage. PLoS One 6(4):e18565
Guajardo-Flores D, Serna-Saldívar SO, Gutiérrez-Uribe JA (2013) Evaluation of the antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of extracted saponins and flavonols from germinated black beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). Food Chem 141(2):1497–1503
Guo X, Li T, Tang K, Liu RH (2012) Effect of germination on phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activity of mung bean sprouts (Vigna radiata). J Agric Food Chem 60(44):11050–11055
Gupta RK, Gangoliya SS, Singh NK, N. K. (2015) Reduction of phytic acid and enhancement of bioavailable micronutrients in food grains. J Food Sci Technol 52(2):676–684
Hefni M, Witthöft CM (2011) Increasing the folate content in Egyptian baladi bread using germinated wheat flour. LWT 44(3):706–712
Heimler D, Vignolini P, Dini MG, Romani A (2005) Rapid tests to assess the antioxidant activity of Phaseolus vulgaris L. dry beans. J Agric Food Chem 53(8):3053–3056
Hemalatha S, Platel K, Srinivasan K (2007) Influence of germination and fermentation on bioaccessibility of zinc and iron from food grains. Eur J Clin Nut 61(3):342
Hounsome N, Hounsome B, Tomos D, Edwards-Jones G (2008) Plant metabolites and nutritional quality of vegetables. J Food Sci 73(4):R48–R65
Huang X, Cai W, Xu B (2014) Kinetic changes of nutrients and antioxidant capacities of germinated soybean (Glycine max L.) and mung bean (Vigna radiata L.) with germination time. Food Chem 143:268–276
Hübner F, Arendt EK (2013) Germination of cereal grains as a way to improve the nutritional value: a review. Critical Rev Food Sci Nut 53(8):853–861
Hung PV, Maeda T, Yamamoto S, Morita N (2012) Effects of germination on nutritional composition of waxy wheat. J Sci Food Agric 92(3):667–672
Hussain MS, Fareed S, Saba Ansari M, Rahman A, Ahmad IZ, Saeed M (2012) Current approaches toward production of secondary plant metabolites. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 4(1):10
Imam MU, Musa SNA, Azmi NH, Ismail M (2012) Effects of white rice, brown rice and germinated brown rice on antioxidant status of type 2 diabetic rats. Int J Mol Sci 13(10):12952–12969
Iordan M, Stoica A, Popescu EC (2013) Changes in quality indices of wheat bread enriched with biologically active preparations. Annals Food Sci Technol 14:165–170
Jonnalagadda SS, Harnack L, Hai Liu R, McKeown N, Seal C, Liu S, Fahey GC (2011) Putting the whole grain puzzle together: health benefits associated with whole grains—summary of American Society for Nutrition 2010 satellite symposium. J Nutr 141(5):1011S–1022S
Kandil AA, Sharief AE, Seadh SE, Alhamery JIK (2015) Germination parameters enhancement of maize grain with soaking in some natural and artificial substances. J Crop Sci 6(1):142–149
Kaukovirta-Norja A, Wilhelmson A, Poutanen K (2004) Germination: a means to improve the functionality of oat. Agric Food Sci 13(1-2):100–112. https://doi.org/10.2137/1239099041838049
Khyade VB, Jagtap SG (2016) Sprouting exert significant influence on the antioxidant activity in selected pulses (black gram, cowpea, desi chickpea and yellow mustard). World Sci News 35:73
Kim KH, Tsao R, Yang R, Cui SW (2006) Phenolic acid profiles and antioxidant activities of wheat bran extracts and the effect of hydrolysis conditions. Food Chem 95(3):466–473
Kim DK, Jeong SC, Gorinstein S, Chon SU (2012) Total polyphenols, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities of different extracts in mungbean seeds and sprouts. Plant Foods Human Nut 67(1):71–75
Kim YB, Thwe AA, Kim Y, Yeo SK, Lee C, Park SU (2013) Characterization of cDNA encoding resveratrol synthase and accumulation of resveratrol in tartary buckwheat. Nat Prod Commun 8(11):1571–1574
Koehler P, Hartmann G, Wieser H, Rychlik M (2007) Changes of folates, dietary fiber, and proteins in wheat as affected by germination. J Agric Food Chem 55(12):4678–4683
Koo SC, Kim SG, Bae DW, Kim HY, Kim HT, Lee YH, Choi MS (2015) Biochemical and proteomic analysis of soybean sprouts at different germination temperatures. J Korean Soc Appl Biol Chem 58(3):397–407
Krzyzanowska J, Czubacka A, Oleszek W (2010) Dietary phytochemicals and human health. In: Bio-farms for nutraceuticals. Springer, Boston, pp 74–98
Laokuldilok T, Shoemaker CF, Jongkaewwattana S, Tulyathan V (2010) Antioxidants and antioxidant activity of several pigmented rice brans. J Agric Food Chem 59(1):193–199
Limón RI, Peñas E, Martínez-Villaluenga C, Frias J (2014) Role of elicitation on the health-promoting properties of kidney bean sprouts. LWT 56(2):328–334
Liukkonen KH, Katina K, Wilhelmsson A, Myllymaki O, Lampi AM, Kariluoto S, Peltoketo A, A. (2003) Process-induced changes on bioactive compounds in whole grain rye. Proc Nutr Soc 62(1):117–122
López-Amorós ML, Hernández T, Estrella I, I. (2006) Effect of germination on legume phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity. J Food Com Analysis 19(4):277–283
Mak Y, Willows RD, Roberts TH, Wrigley CW, Sharp PJ, Copeland L (2009) Germination of wheat: a functional proteomics analysis of the embryo. Cereal Chem 86(3):281–289
Malik P, Kapoor S (2015) Antioxidant potential of diverse Indian cultivars of lentils (Lens culinaris L.). Res Artic Biol Sci 5(1):123–129
Marton M, Mandoki ZS, Csapo-Kiss ZS, Csapo J (2010) The role of sprouts in human nutrition. A review. Acta Univ Sapientiae 3:81–117
Masters RC, Liese AD, Haffner SM, Wagenknecht LE, Hanley AJ (2010) Whole and refined grain intakes are related to inflammatory protein concentrations in human plasma. J Nutr 140(3):587–594
Mateo Anson N, Aura AM, Selinheimo E, Mattila I, Poutanen K, Van den Berg R, Haenen GR (2010) Bioprocessing of wheat bran in whole wheat bread increases the bioavailability of phenolic acids in men and exerts antiinflammatory effects ex vivo–3. J Nutr 141(1):137–143
Megat Rusydi MR, Noraliza CW, Azrina A, Zulkhairi A (2011) Nutritional changes in germinated legumes and rice varieties. Int Food Res J 18(2):705–713
Mihafu F, Laswai HS, Gichuhi P, Mwanyika S, Bovell-Benjamin AC (2017) Influence of soaking and germination on the iron, phytate and phenolic contents of maize used for complementary feeding in rural Tanzania. Int J Nut Food Sci 6(2):111–117
Miransari M, Smith DL (2014) Plant hormones and seed germination. Environ Exp Bot 99:110–121
Mitchell DC, Lawrence FR, Hartman TJ, Curran JM (2009) Consumption of dry beans, peas, and lentils could improve diet quality in the US population. J Am Diet Assoc 109(5):909–913
Moongngarm A, Saetung N (2010) Comparison of chemical compositions and bioactive compounds of germinated rough rice and brown rice. Food Chem 122(3):782–788
Nam TG, Lee SM, Park JH, Kim DO, Baek NI, Eom SH (2015) Flavonoid analysis of buckwheat sprouts. Food Chem 170:97–101
Nelson K, Stojanovska L, Vasiljevic T, Mathai M (2013) Germinated grains: a superior whole grain functional food? Can J Phsiol Pharmacol 91(6):429–441
Newby PK, Maras J, Bakun P, Muller D, Ferrucci L, Tucker KI (2007) Intake of whole grains, refined grains, and cereal fiber measured with 7-d diet records and associations with risk factors for chronic disease. Am J Clin Nut 86(6):1745–1753
NHMRC (2013) Nutrient reference values for Australia and New Zealand. National Health and Medical Research Council, Canberra
Noda T, Takigawa S, Matsuura-Endo C, Saito K, Takata K, Tabiki T, Yamauchi H, H. (2004) The physicochemical properties of partially digested starch from sprouted wheat grain. Carbohyd Polymers 56(3):271–277
Nour AAM, Ibrahim MAEM, Abdelrahman EE, Osman EF, Khadir KE (2015) Effect of processing methods on nutritional value of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivar. Am J Food Sci Health 1(4):104–108
Oghbaei M, Prakash J (2016) Effect of primary processing of cereals and legumes on its nutritional quality: a comprehensive review. Cogent Food Agri 2(1):1136015
Okarter N, Liu RH (2010) Health benefits of whole grain phytochemicals. Critical Rev Food Sci Nut 50(3):193–208
Ozturk I, Sagdic O, Hayta M, Yetim H (2012) Alteration in α-tocopherol, some minerals, and fatty acid contents of wheat through sprouting. Chem Nat Compounds 47(6):876–879
Pająk P, Socha R, Gałkowska D, Rożnowski J, Fortuna T (2014) Phenolic profile and antioxidant activity in selected seeds and sprouts. Food Chem 143:300–306
Panfil P, Dorica B, Sorin C, Emilian AE, Iosif G (2014) Biochemical characterization of flour obtained from germinated cereals (wheat, barley and oat). Rom Biotech Lett 19(5):9773
Parsaeimehr A, Sargsyan E, Vardanyan A (2011) Expression of secondary metabolites in plants and their useful perspective in animal health
Pawar VD, Machewad GM, G. M. (2006) Changes in availability of iron in barley during malting. J Food Sci Technol 43(1):28–30
Perron NR, Brumaghim JL (2009) A review of the antioxidant mechanisms of polyphenol compounds related to iron binding. Cell Biochem Biophys 53(2):75–100
Petchiammal C, Hopper WAHEETA (2014) Antioxidant activity of proteins from fifteen varieties of legume seeds commonly consumed in India. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 6(2):477–479
Poutanen K (1997) Enzymes: an important tool in the improvement of the quality of cereal foods. Trends Food Sci Technol 8(9):300–306
Rakcejeva T, Zagorska J, Zvezdina E (2014) Gassy ozone effect on quality parameters of flaxes made from biologically activated whole wheat grains. World Acad Sci Eng Technol Int J Biol Bimol Agric Food Biotechnol Eng 8(4):396–399
Rani KU, Rao UP, Leelavathi K, Rao PH (2011) Distribution of enzymes in wheat flour mill streams. J Cereal Sci 34(3):233–242
Rochfort S, Panozzo J (2007) Phytochemicals for health, the role of pulses. J Agric Food Chem 55(20):7981–7994
Salem AA, El-Bostany AN, Al-Askalany SA, Thabet HA (2014) Effect of domestic processing methods of some legumes on phytochemicals content and in vitro bioavailability of some minerals. J Am Sci 10(12):276–288
Sangronis E, Machado CJ (2007) Influence of germination on the nutritional quality of Phaseolus vulgaris and Cajanus cajan. LWT 40(1):116–120
Sarwar MH, Sarwar MF, Sarwar M, Qadri NA, Moghal S (2013) The importance of cereals (Poaceae: Gramineae) nutrition in human health: a review. J Cereal Oilseeds 4(3):32–35
Segev A, Badani H, KapulnikI Y, Shomer I, Oren-Shamir M, Galili S (2010) Determination of polyphenols, flavonoids, and antioxidant capacity in colored chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.). J Food Sci 75(2):S115–S119
Shahidi F, Naczk M (2004) Phenolic in food and nutraceutical, pp 1–558
Shohag MJI, Wei Y, Yang X (2012) Changes of folate and other potential health-promoting phytochemicals in legume seeds as affected by germination. J Agric Food Chem 60(36):9137–9143
Singh PK, Gautam AK, Panwar H, Singh DK, Srivastava N, Bhagyawant SS, Upadhayay H, H. (2014) Effects of germination on antioxidant and antinutritional factors of commonly used pulses. Int J Res Chem Environ 4(2):100–104
Skoglund M, Peterson DM, Andersson R, Nilsson J, Dimberg LH (2008) Avenanthramide content and related enzyme activities in oats as affected by steeping and germination. J Cereal Sci 48(2):294–303
Sokrab AM, Ahmed IAM, Babiker EE (2012) Effect of germination on antinutritional factors, total, and extractable minerals of high and low phytate corn (Zea mays L.) genotypes. J Saudi Soc Agric Sci 11(2):123–128
Soris PT, Kala BK, Mohan VR, Vadivel V (2010) The biochemical composition and nutritional potential of three varieties of Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper. Advances Bio Res 1(2):6–16
Sudha Rani R, Usha A (2014) Effect of germination and fermentation on polyphenols in finger millet (Eleusine coracana). Int J Food Nut Sci 3:65–68
Tang D, Dong Y, Guo N, Li L, Ren H (2014) Metabolomic analysis of the polyphenols in germinating mung beans (Vigna radiata) seeds and sprouts. J Sci Food Agric 94(8):1639–1647
Tasleem-Tahir A, Nadaud I, Girousse C, Martre P, Marion D, Branlard G (2011) Proteomic analysis of peripheral layers during wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grain development. Proteomics 11(3):371–379
Theodoulou FL, Eastmond PJ (2012) Seed storage oil catabolism: a story of give and take. Curr Opin Plant Biol 15(3):322–328
Tian S, Nakamura K, Kayahara H (2004) Analysis of phenolic compounds in white rice, brown rice, and germinated brown rice. J Agric Food Chem 52(15):4808–4813
Tian B, Xie B, Shi J, Wu J, Cai Y, Xu T, Deng Q (2010) Physicochemical changes of oat seeds during germination. Food Chem 119(3):1195–1200
Tiwari U, Servan A, Nigam D (2017) Comparative study on antioxidant activity, phytochemical analysis and mineral composition of the Mung Bean (Vigna Radiata) and its sprouts. J Pharmacog Phytochem 6(1):336
Topping D (2007) Cereal complex carbohydrates and their contribution to human health. J Cereal Sci 46(3):220–229
Uchegbu NN, Ishiwu CN (2016) Germinated Pigeon Pea (Cajanus cajan): a novel diet for lowering oxidative stress and hyperglycemia. Food Sci Nut 4(5):772–777
US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) (2011) Draft guidance: whole grain label statements. Retrieved 24 August 2012, from http://www.fda.gov/Food/GuidanceComplianceRegulatoryInformation/GuidanceDocuments/FoodLabelingNutrition/ucm059088.htm
US Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) (2012) National nutrient database for standard reference Release 24. Retrieved 10 September 2012, from http://www.ars.usda.gov/main/site_main.htm?modecode=12-35-45-00
Van Hung P (2016) Phenolic compounds of cereals and their antioxidant capacity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 56(1):25–35
Van Hung P, Hatcher DW, Barker W (2011) Phenolic acid composition of sprouted wheats by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and their antioxidant activities. Food Chem 126(4):1896–1901
Van Hung P, Maeda T, Morita N (2015) Improvement of nutritional composition and antioxidant capacity of high-amylose wheat during germination. J Food Sci Technol 52(10):6756–6762
Victoria BG, Rodica S, Georgeta NC (2015) Improvement of the antioxidant activity of soybean (Glycine max.) by biotechnological processing. Rom Biotech Lett 20(2):10213
Villegas R, Gao YT, Yang G, Li HL, Elasy TA, Zheng W, Shu XO (2008) Legume and soy food intake and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the Shanghai Women’s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 87(1):162–167
Wang T, He F, Chen G, G. (2014) Improving bioaccessibility and bioavailability of phenolic compounds in cereal grains through processing technologies: a concise review. J Funct Foods 7:101–111
Whole Grains Council (2009) Are we there yet? Measuring progress on making at least half our grains whole. Paper presented at the Make half your grains whole conference, Alexandria, VA
Whole Grains Council (n.d.) Whole grains 101: definition of whole grains. Retrieved 03 February 2013, from http://wholegrainscouncil.org/whole-grains-101/definition-of-whole-grains
Xue Z, Wang C, Zhai L, Yu W, Chang H, Kou X, Zhou F (2016) Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity of mung bean (Vigna radiata L.), soybean (Glycine max L.) and black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) during the germination process. Czech J Food Sci 34(1):68–78
Yang TK, Basu B, Ooraikul F (2001) Studies on germination conditions and antioxidant contents of wheat grain. Int J Food Sci Nutr 52(4):319–330
Zhang G, Hamaker B (2012) Nutraceutical and health properties of sorghum and millet. In: Cereals and pulses: Nutraceutical properties and health benefits, US: John Wiley & Sons, pp 165–186
Zieliński H, Kozłowska H (2000) Antioxidant activity and total phenolics in selected cereal grains and their different morphological fractions. J Agric Food Chem 48(6):2008–2016
Zilic S, Basic Z, Sukalovic VHT, Maksimovic V, Jankovic M, Filipovic M (2014) Can the sprouting process applied to wheat improve the contents of vitamins and phenolic compounds and antioxidant capacity of the flour? Int J Food Sci Technol 49:1040–1047
Złotek U, Szymanowska U, Baraniak B, Karaś M (2015) Antioxidant activity of polyphenols of adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) germinated in abiotic stress conditions. Acta Sci Polonorum Technol Alimen 14(1):55–63
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Hassan, S. et al. (2020). Effect of Germination Processing on Bioactive Compounds of Cereals and Legumes. In: Egbuna, C., Dable Tupas, G. (eds) Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42319-3_16
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42319-3_16
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-42318-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-42319-3
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)