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Resting-State fMRI in Multiple Sclerosis

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Abstract

In multiple sclerosis (MS), improvements of structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques have offered the possibility to identify and grade the extent of central nervous system (CNS) damage at different stages of the disease, contributing to improve the understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the accumulation of irreversible disability. Despite this, a gap between clinical and MRI measures still remains.

Interindividual variability of response to CNS damage in terms of recovery from tissue damage and functional plasticity can contribute to fill such a gap. Plasticity occurs at multiple levels in MS, from cells to synapses, from myelin to axons, from individual regions to large-scale brain networks. fMRI provides an indirect measure of neural activity, thus representing a powerful tool to measure brain plasticity in vivo. The application of fMRI has shown that functional reorganization occurs after structural injury in MS and can contribute to limit the clinical consequences of widespread structural tissue damage. The failure or exhaustion of CNS adaptive properties might be among the factors responsible for the accumulation of irreversible neurological deficits.

Clearly, identifying adaptive and maladaptive reorganization is an attractive goal which might help develop therapeutic strategies able to promote the individual adaptive capacity.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Neuroscience, Neuroimaging Research Unit, Institute of Experimental Neurology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Maria A. Rocca, Ermelinda De Meo & Massimo Filippi

  2. Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Maria A. Rocca

  3. Neurology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

  4. Neurophysiology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

  5. Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy

    Massimo Filippi

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  1. Maria A. Rocca
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  2. Ermelinda De Meo
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  3. Massimo Filippi
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Correspondence to Maria A. Rocca .

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  1. Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kantonsspital Winterthur, Winterthur, Switzerland

    Stephan Ulmer

  2. Department of Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany

    Olav Jansen

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Rocca, M.A., De Meo, E., Filippi, M. (2020). Resting-State fMRI in Multiple Sclerosis. In: Ulmer, S., Jansen, O. (eds) fMRI. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41874-8_23

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