Abstract
This chapter summarises what is known about how political ideologies can shape and cast an enduring influence over a generation of citizens. It describes how these processes can be researched statistically, focusing on the case of Thatcherism. Using an ‘age period and cohort’ approach, the chapter tests the extent to which ‘Thatcherism’ permeated public attitudes and perceptions of crime in those who grew-up during the 1980s and 1990s. The authors test if the Conservative administrations between 1979 and 1997 (including both the governments of Margaret Thatcher and John Major) marked a departure from the past and ushered in a period of social change (Mannheim, Karl, The Problem of Generations. In Essays on the Sociology of Knowledge, Karl Mannheim, edited and translated by Paul Kecskemeti, London, Routledge, 1928). Underlining these dynamics, the chapter demonstrates how political socialisation is a ‘slow-moving’ (Pierson, Paul, Politics in Time, Princeton, NJ, Princeton University Press, 2004) process, the consequences of which may not become fully realised for several decades.
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Notes
- 1.
The 1979 Conservative manifesto included phrases such as: ‘restoring the will to work’, ‘restore incentives so that hard work pays’, ‘concentrating welfare services…on those in real need’ and ‘act more vigorously against fraud and abuse’ (The Conservative Party 1979).
- 2.
These were youth crime; conviction and sentencing; disorder; drugs; victims; prevention and gun control.
- 3.
In 1993 two ten-year-old boys, Robert Thompson and Jon Venables, abducted and murdered two-year-old James Bulger. It became a historic offence and a crisis moment in British criminal justice debates.
- 4.
Wards are the key building blocks of UK administrative geography. Across England and Wales wards have a mean population size of 6600 (Office of National Statistics, 2013).
- 5.
Respondents are asked: ‘how worried are you about being [burgled/robbed]?’ Respondents can select one answer from a set of responses: very worried, fairly worried, a bit worried, or not at all worried. For the purposes of the analysis herein we combine “very” and “fairly worried” together as ‘worried’, and “not very” and “not at all worried” as unworried to be a dichotomous variables.
- 6.
The question is worded as follows: “How common a problem in this area are...?” Vandalism or deliberate damage to property? (1982–2010); Groups of teenagers hanging around? (1982–2010) Noisy neighbours (1984–2010). The response categories were collapsed into a dichotomous variable that combined (1) very big problem & (2) fairly big problem, as a ‘problem’ and (3) not a very big problem & (4) not a problem as ‘not a problem’.
- 7.
(A) What do you think about the income gap between the rich and the poor in the UK today? 1 ‘About right’ or ‘Too small’; 0 ‘Too large’. (B) Government should redistribute from the better off to the less well off. 1 Disagree/Strongly Disagree; 0 Neither, agree/Strongly Agree. (C) Government should spend more money on the poor even if it leads to higher taxes. 1 Disagree/Strongly Disagree; 0 Neither, Agree/Strongly Agree. (D) Opinions differ about the level of benefits for the unemployed. Which of these best reflects your opinion? 1 Benefits are too high and discourage people from finding jobs; 0 Other response categories (E) Unemployed could find a job if they wanted to. 1 Agree/Strongly Agree; 0 Neither, Disagree/Strongly Disagree. (F) People should learn to stand on their own feet. 1 Agree/Strongly Agree; 0 Neither, Disagree/Strongly Disagree. (G) The death penalty is appropriate for some crimes. 1 Agree/Strongly Agree; 0 Neither, Disagree/Strongly Disagree. (H) People who break the law should be given stiffer sentences. 1 Agree/Strongly Agree; 0 Neither, Disagree/Strongly Disagree. (I) Schools should teach children to obey authority. 1 Agree/Strongly Agree; 0 Neither, Disagree/Strongly Disagree.
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Gray, E., Grasso, M., Farrall, S. (2020). The Political Socialisation of Thatcher’s Children: Identifying the Long Reach of Thatcherite Social and Economic Values and Perceptions of Crime. In: Mullen, A., Farrall, S., Jeffery, D. (eds) Thatcherism in the 21st Century. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41792-5_9
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