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Evaluation and Management of the Anophthalmic Socket and Socket Reconstruction

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Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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Abstract

The absence or loss of an eye due to a congenital malformation, tumor, trauma, or end-stage ocular disease can be an exceptionally difficult situation for patients, and the management of the anopthalmic socket has long been a challenge for the ophthalmologist and ocularist. Loss of binocular visual function with reduced peripheral visual field and loss of depth perception may result in difficulties with activities of daily living and have various vocational restrictions [1–6]. Individuals may experience a sense of facial disfigurement and poor self-esteem as a result of the “lost body part.” [3–7]. In the past three decades, there have been numerous developments and refinements in anophthalmic socket surgery with respect to implant material and design, implant wrapping, implant-prosthesis coupling, and socket volume considerations. Anophthalmic surgery is no longer simply about replacing a diseased eye with an orbital implant and delegating the procedure to junior resident staff. As with other microsurgical ophthalmic procedures, enucleation and eviscerations should be performed meticulously to attain the best functional and cosmetic result and to avoid deformities that may compound the patients’ already challenging situation. Because eye contact is such an essential part of human interaction, it is extremely important for the patient with an artificial eye to maintain a natural, normal-appearing prosthetic eye.

The authors of this study do not have a commercial or proprietary interest in any of the products reviewed in this manuscript.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Ottawa Hospital – General Campus, Eye Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada

    David R. Jordan

  2. Ophthalmology/Oculoplastic Surgery, Klapper Eyelid and Facial Plastic Surgery, Carmel, IN, USA

    Stephen R. Klapper

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  1. David R. Jordan
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Oculofacial Plastic Surgeons of Georgia, Suwanee, GA, USA

    J. Javier Servat

  2. Consultants in Ophthalmic and Facial Plastic Surgery, P.C., Southfield, MI, USA

    Evan H. Black

  3. Beaumont Eye Institute, William Beaumont School of Medicine of Oakland University, Rochester, MI, USA

    Frank A. Nesi

  4. Consultants in Ophthalmic and Facial Plastic Surgery, P.C., Southfield, MI, USA

    Geoffrey J. Gladstone

  5. San Antonio Military Medical Center/Wilford Hall Ambulatory Surgery Center, Department of Ophthalmology and Oculoplastic Surgery, San Antonio, TX, USA

    Christopher J. Calvano

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Jordan, D.R., Klapper, S.R. (2021). Evaluation and Management of the Anophthalmic Socket and Socket Reconstruction. In: Servat, J.J., Black, E.H., Nesi, F.A., Gladstone, G.J., Calvano, C.J. (eds) Smith and Nesi’s Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41720-8_60

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