Skip to main content

Nanomedicine: Challenges and Future Perspectives

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Functional Bionanomaterials

Abstract

Nanotechnology has generated an exponentially impressive surge globally among researchers in search of inventions satisfying various needs of biomedical and healthcare modalities. As a result, rapid progress has become evident in targeted drug delivery, sustainable drug release, imaging-based therapies and related theranostics. Last few decades occupy the golden age of nanotechnology with the innovative development and fabrication of various engineered nanoparticles suitable for potent applications in biomedicine. Herein reported are the various nanoparticles that have found profound applications in the field of biomedicine and the possible applications proved to be effectively equipped in biomedical and healthcare scenario. Briefly discussed are the possible adverse effects elicited by nanoparticle exposure in the living system. Also focused on the global status of nanomedicine and concluded with upcoming strategies in nanotechnology and future perspectives.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Akbarzadeh A, Rezaei Sadabady R, Davaran S et al (2013) Liposome: classification, preparation, and applications. Nanoscale Res Lett 8(1):102–111

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Al Ogaidi I, Gou H, Al Kazaz AKA et al (2014) A gold@silica core-shell nanoparticle based surface enhanced Raman scattering biosensor for label-free glucose detection. Anal Chim Acta 811:76–80

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Anju S, Ashtami J, Mohanan PV (2019) Black phosphorus, a prospective graphene substitute for biomedical applications. Mater Sci Eng C 97:978–993

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Cavalcanti A, Shirinzadeh B, Freitas RA, Kretly LC (2007) Medical nanorobot architecture based on nanobioelectronics. Recent Pat Nanotechnol 1(1):1–10

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Colombo F, Sampogna G, Cocozza G et al (2017) Regenerative medicine: clinical applications and future perspectives. J Microsc Ultrastruct 5(1):1–8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Sousa M, Visani de Luna LA, Fonseca LC et al (2018) Folic acid-functionalized graphene oxide nanocarrier: synthetic approaches, characterization, drug delivery study and antitumor screening. ACS Appl Nano Mater 1(2):922–932

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Deb S, Raja SO, Das Gupta AK et al (2012) Surface tunability of nanoparticles in modulating platelet functions. Blood Cell Mol Dis 8(1):36–44

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Douglas SM, Bachelet I, Church GM (2012) A logic-gated nanorobot for targeted transport of molecular payloads. Science 335(6070):831–834

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dutta PK, Ravikumar MNV, Dutta J (2002) Chitin and chitosan for versatile applications. J Macromol Sci Polym Rev 42(3):307–354

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Efremov RG, Chugunov AO, Pyrkov TV et al (2007) Molecular lipophilicity in protein modeling and drug design. Curr Med Chem 14(4):393–415

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ensign LM, Cone R, Hanes J (2012) Oral drug delivery with polymeric nanoparticles: the gastrointestinal mucus barriers. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64(6):557–570

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gold K, Slay B, Knackstedt M, Gaharwar AK (2018) Antimicrobial activity of metal and metal oxide based nanoparticles. Adv Ther 1(3):1–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Haba Y, Kojima C, Harada A et al (2007) Preparation of poly (ethylene glycol)-modified poly (amido amine) dendrimers encapsulating gold nanoparticles and their heat-generating ability. Langmuir 23(10):5243–5246

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hasan A, Morshed M, Memic A et al (2018) Nanoparticles in tissue engineering: applications, challenges and prospects. Int J Nanomedicine 3:5637–5655

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kaminska A, Witkowska E, Winkler K et al (2015) Detection of hepatitis B virus antigen from human blood: SERS immunoassay in a microfluidic system. Biosens Bioelectron 66:461–467

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kim JS, Kuk E, Yu KN et al (2007) Antimicrobial effects of silver nanoparticles. Nanomed Nanotechnol 3(1):95–101

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Krishna V, Singh A, Sharma P et al (2010) Polyhydroxy fullerenes for non-invasive cancer imaging and therapy. Small 6(20):2236–2241

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kroto HW, Heath JR, O'Brien SC et al (1985) C60: buckminsterfullerene. Nature 318:162–163

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Laroui H, Rakhya P, Xiao B et al (2013) Nanotechnology in diagnostics and therapeutics for gastrointestinal disorders. Dig Liver Dis 45(12):995–1002

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Leijten J, Khademhosseini A (2016) From nano to macro: multiscale materials for improved stem cell culturing and analysis. Cell Stem Cell 18(1):20–24

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Li Y, Schluesener HJ, Xu S (2010) Gold nanoparticle-based biosensors. Gold Bull 43(1):29–41

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Li M, Fan YN, Chen ZY et al (2018) Optimized nanoparticle-mediated delivery of CRISPR-Cas9 system for B cell intervention. Nano Res 11(12):6270–6282

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Z, Robinson JT, Sun X, Dai H (2008) PEGylated nanographene oxide for delivery of water-insoluble cancer drugs. J Am Chem Soc 130(33):10876–10877

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Liu Y, Yu D, Zeng C, Miao Z, Dai L (2010) Biocompatible graphene oxide based glucose biosensors. Langmuir 26(9):6158–6160

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu J, Cui L, Losic D (2013) Graphene and graphene oxide as new nanocarriers for drug delivery applications. Acta Biomater 9(12):9243–9257

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Liu T, Wang C, Gu X et al (2014) Drug delivery with PEGylated MoS2 nano-sheets for combined photothermal and chemotherapy of cancer. Adv Mat 26(21):3433–3440

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Liu B, Li C, Chen G et al (2017) Synthesis and optimization of MoS2@ Fe3O4-ICG/Pt (IV) nanoflowers for MR/IR/PA bioimaging and combined PTT/PDT/chemotherapy triggered by 808 nm laser. Adv Sci 4(8):1600540–1600552

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Marchesan S, Da Ros T, Spalluto G, Balzarini J, Prato M (2005) Anti-HIV properties of cationic fullerene derivatives. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 15(15):3615–3618

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Miele E, Spinelli GP, Miele E et al (2009) Albumin-bound formulation of paclitaxel (Abraxane® ABI-007) in the treatment of breast cancer. Int J Nanomedicine 4:99–105

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Mitra S, Gaur U, Ghosh PC, Maitra AN (2001) Tumour targeted delivery of encapsulated dextran–doxorubicin conjugate using chitosan nanoparticles as carrier. J Control Release 74(1–3):317–323

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Moghimi SM, Hunter AC, Murray JC (2005) Nanomedicine: current status and future prospects. FASEB J 19(3):311–330

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Montellano A, Da Ros T, Bianco A, Prato M (2011) Fullerene C60 as a multifunctional system for drug and gene delivery. Nanoscale 3(10):4035–4041

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nakashima Y, Deie M, Yanada S et al (2005) Magnetically labeled human natural killer cells, accumulated in vitro by an external magnetic force, are effective against HOS osteosarcoma cells. Int J Oncol 27(4):965–971

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pareta RA, Taylor E, Webster TJ (2008) Increased osteoblast density in the presence of novel calcium phosphate coated magnetic nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 19(26):1–17

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Park SH, Oh SG, Mun JY, Han SS (2006) Loading of gold nanoparticles inside the DPPC bilayers of liposome and their effects on membrane fluidities. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 48(2):112–118

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Park SY, Park J, Sim SH et al (2011) Enhanced differentiation of human neural stem cells into neurons on graphene. Adv Mater 23(36):263–267

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Prasad R, Pandey R, Barman I (2016) Engineering tailored nanoparticles with microbes: quo vadis. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 8:316–330. https://doi.org/10.1002/wnan.1363

  • Prasad R, Pandey R, Varma A, Barman I (2017) Polymer based nanoparticles for drug delivery systems and cancer therapeutics. In: Kharkwal H, Janaswamy S (eds) Natural polymers for drug delivery. CAB International, UK, pp 53–70

    Google Scholar 

  • Prasad R, Siddhardha B, Dyavaiah M (2020) Nanostructures for antimicrobial and antibiofilm applications. Springer International Publishing (ISBN 978-3-030-40336-2) https://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783030403362

  • Powers KW, Palazuelos M, Moudgil BM, Roberts SM (2007) Characterization of the size, shape, and state of dispersion of nanoparticles for toxicological studies. Nanotoxicology 1(1):42–51

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Radeleff B, Thierjung H, Stampfl U et al (2008) Restenosis of the CYPHER-Select, TAXUS-Express and Polyzene-F nanocoated cobalt-chromium stents in the minipig coronary artery model. Cardiovasc Intervent Radiol 31(5):971–980

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Requicha AA (2003) Nanorobots, NEMS and nanoassembly. Proc IEEE 91(11):1922–1933

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saadeh Y, Vyas D (2014) Nanorobotic applications in medicine: current proposals and designs. Am J Robot Surg 1(1):4–11

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Salata, Oleg V (2004) Applications of nanoparticles in biology and medicine. J Nanobiotechnol 2:1–6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sanchez S, Pumera M (2009) Nanorobots: the ultimate wireless self propelled sensing and actuating devices. Chem Asian J 4(9):1402–1410

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sensenig R, Sapir Y, MacDonald C et al (2012) Magnetic nanoparticle-based approaches to locally target therapy and enhance tissue regeneration in vivo. Nanomedicine 7(9):1425–1442

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Shah S, Yin PT, Uehara TM et al (2014) Guiding stem cell differentiation into oligodendrocytes using graphene nanofiber hybrid scaffolds. Adv Mater 26(22):3673–3680

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Shi X, Sun K, Baker JR Jr (2008) Spontaneous formation of functionalized dendrimer-stabilized gold nanoparticles. J Phys Chem C 112(22):8251–8258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Shrivastava S, Bera T, Singh SK et al (2009) Characterization of antiplatelet properties of silver nanoparticles. ACS Nano 3(6):1357–1364

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Singh S, Kumar V, Dhanjal DS, Datta S, Prasad R, Singh J (2020) Biological Biosensors for Monitoring and Diagnosis. In: Singh J, Vyas A, Wang S, Prasad R (eds) Microbial biotechnology: basic research and applications. Springer Nature Singapore, pp 317–336

    Google Scholar 

  • Syama S, Mohanan PV (2019) Comprehensive application of graphene: emphasis on biomedical concerns. Nano Micro Lett 11(1):1–6

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Thapa A, Miller DC, Webster TJ, Haberstroh KM (2003) Nano-structured polymers enhance bladder smooth muscle cell function. Biomaterials 24(17):2915–2926

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thrall JH (2004) Nanotechnology and medicine. Radiology 230(2):315–318

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang QH, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Kis A et al (2012) Electronics and optoelectronics of two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides. Nat Nanotechnol 7(11):699–712

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang X, Chen H, Zheng Y et al (2013) Au-nanoparticle coated mesoporous silica nanocapsule-based multifunctional platform for ultrasound mediated imaging, cytoclasis and tumor ablation. Biomaterials 34(8):2057–2068

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang S, Li X, Chen Y et al (2015) A facile one pot synthesis of a two dimensional MoS2/Bi2S3 composite theranostic nanosystem for multi modality tumor imaging and therapy. Adv Mater 27(17):2775–2782

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wang K, Chen Q, Xue W et al (2017) Combined chemo-photothermal antitumor therapy using molybdenum disulfide modified with hyperbranched polyglycidyl. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 10:2325–2335

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Watkins R, Wu L, Zhang C et al (2015) Natural product-based nanomedicine: recent advances and issues. Int J Nanomedicine 10:6055–6074

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Xie J, Chen K, Huang J et al (2010) PET/NIRF/MRI triple functional iron oxide nanoparticles. Biomaterials 31(11):3016–3022

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang C, Tibbitt MW, Basta L, Anseth KS (2014) Mechanical memory and dosing influence stem cell fate. Nat Mater 13(6):645–652

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Yang Q, Zhang L, Ben A et al (2018) Effects of dispersible MoS2 nanosheets and Nano-silver coexistence on the metabolome of yeast. Chemosphere 198:216–225

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Yong Y, Zhou L, Gu Z et al (2014) WS2 nanosheet as a new photosensitizer carrier for combined photodynamic and photothermal therapy of cancer cells. Nanoscale 6(17):10394–10403

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang J, Rana S, Srivastava RS, Misra RDK (2008) On the chemical synthesis and drug delivery response of folate receptor-activated, polyethylene glycol-functionalized magnetite nanoparticles. Acta Biomater 4(1):40–48

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Zhang L, Lu Z, Zhao Q et al (2011) Enhanced chemotherapy efficacy by sequential delivery of siRNA and anticancer drugs using PEI grafted graphene oxide. Small 7(4):460–464

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors wish to express their sincere thanks to Director and Head of Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, for their encouragement and support for conducting this study. Anju thanks UGC, New Delhi, for financial support of Junior Research Fellowship.

Conflict of interest The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Mohanan Parayanthala Valappil .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Surendranath, A., Valappil, M.P. (2020). Nanomedicine: Challenges and Future Perspectives. In: Thangadurai, D., Sangeetha, J., Prasad, R. (eds) Functional Bionanomaterials. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41464-1_19

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics