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National Public Health Informatics, United States

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Public Health Informatics and Information Systems

Part of the book series: Health Informatics ((HI))

Abstract

Informaticians looking at national public health information management in the United States may ask, “Who designed it this way?” Most systems are not straightforward or easy to understand, in part due to their historical, piecemeal evolution in a decentralized federal structure that locates most public health authority at the state level. Thus, many national systems have been built from the bottom-up in a heterogeneous fashion based on voluntary cooperation, sometimes influenced by state mandates beyond public health and federal funding for public health. In other cases, federal powers related to interstate commerce or national defense gave rise to centralized systems. More recently, federal agencies have played an important role in convening stakeholders, coordinating practice and information standards, and using funding to support implementation as well as induce conformance to standards. This chapter describes local, state, and federal public health roles in the United States, points to collaborative products defining information requirements for various public health activities, outlines the evolution toward national information exchange standards, and describes health informatics roles played by several federal and national agencies while highlighting several important regulations.

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Acknowledgements

The authors gratefully acknowledge assistance from Roberto Henry, MPH who helped finalize the figures in the chapter and tenaciously tracked down the information and references for the table.

Review Questions

  1. 1.

    How does the US Constitution influence the evolution of government public health structures and information systems in the US?

  2. 2.

    Where do local and state health departments fit into the US public health information supply chain? What does this imply regarding their informatics capacity requirements?

  3. 3.

    What levers can federal agencies use to encourage and support standardized public health practice and information systems, even if they do not hold the direct authority for a particular public health activity?

  4. 4.

    What aspects of technology modernization do most of the new federal initiatives have in common?

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Health Informatics and Surveillance, Center for Surveillance, Epidemiology and Laboratory Services, CDC, HHS, Washington, DC, USA

    Paula Yoon

  2. Division of Healthcare Quality Promotion, National Center for Emerging Zoonotic and Infectious Diseases, CDC, HHS, Washington, DC, USA

    Daniel Pollock

  3. Denver Public Health, Denver, CO, USA

    Seth Foldy

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  1. Paula Yoon
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Correspondence to Paula Yoon .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Informatics and Clinical Epidemiology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA

    J.A. Magnuson

  2. Department of Epidemiology, Indiana University, Richard M. Fairbanks School of Public Health, Indianapolis, IN, USA

    Brian E. Dixon

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Yoon, P., Pollock, D., Foldy, S. (2020). National Public Health Informatics, United States. In: Magnuson, J., Dixon, B. (eds) Public Health Informatics and Information Systems . Health Informatics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41215-9_24

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