Abstract
The present work is aimed at identifying the effects of in-plane (IP) and out-of-plane (OOP) damage of unreinforced masonry infills (MIs) on the nonlinear seismic response of r.c. framed buildings. To this end, the state secondary school De Gasperi-Battaglia in Norcia (Italy) is considered for the numerical investigation. The school is a reinforced concrete framed structure with a long-shaped rectangular plan, due to the ex-post structural linking of three adjacent blocks originally separated by Gerber saddles, and regular elevation. Composed of a basement and three storeys above the ground level, the structure was built in the early 1960s in compliance with the 1939 Royal Decree Law. The infill typologies consist of: (i) two leaves of hollow clay bricks, for the interior frames; (ii) one leaf with solid bricks and the other leaf similar to the previous MI, for the exterior frames. Partial height infill walls inducing short column effects are placed along the long side of the perimeter, where the low height is attributed to window openings. First a five-element macro-model comprising four diagonal nonlinear beams and one (horizontal) central nonlinear truss for the prediction of the OOP and IP behaviour of MIs, respectively, is implemented in a C++ computer code for the nonlinear dynamic analysis of r.c. infilled framed structures. The proposed algorithm addresses the issue of nonlinear interaction by modifying stiffness and strength values of the MI in the OOP direction on the basis of simultaneous or prior IP damage. Three-dimensional models of the test structure are subjected to biaxial spectrum-compatible accelerograms, assuming: (i) bare structure with non-structural MIs; (ii) infilled structure with structural MIs. Moreover, three assumptions are made for the behaviour of MIs: i.e. elastic both IP and OOP; inelastic IP and elastic OOP; inelastic both IP and OOP. The numerical results confirm the validity of the five-element macro-model in simulating IP and OOP failure mechanisms of MIs in De Gasperi-Battaglia school, and highlight the importance of including nonlinear OOP behaviour.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Dolce, M., Goretti, A.: Building damage assessment after the 2009 Abruzzi earthquake. Bull. Earthquake Eng. 13(8), 2241–2264 (2015)
Braga, F., Manfredi, V., Masi, A., Salvatori, A., Vona, M.: Performance of non-structural elements in RC buildings during the L’Aquila, 2009 earthquake. Bull. Earthquake Eng. 9(1), 307–324 (2011)
Di Domenico, M., Ricci, P., Verderame, G.M.: Experimental assessment of the out-of-plane strength of URM infill walls with different slenderness and boundary conditions. Bull. Earthquake Eng. 17, 3959–3993 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-019-00604-5
Hak, S., Morandi, P., Magenes, G., Sullivan, T.J.: Damage control for clay masonry infills in the design of RC frame structures. J. Earthquake Eng. 12(S1), 1–35 (2012)
Mohammad Noh, N., Liberatore, L., Mollaioli, F., Tesfamariam, S.: Modelling of masonry infilled RC frames subjected to cyclic loads: state of the art review and modelling with OpenSees. Eng. Struct. 150, 599–621 (2017)
Ricci, P., Di Domenico, M., Verderame, G.M.: Empirical-based out-of-plane URM infill wall model accounting for the interaction with in-plane demand. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 47(3), 802–827 (2018)
Di Trapani, F., Shing, P.B., Cavaleri, L.: Macroelement model for in-plane and out-of-plane responses of masonry infills in frame structures. J. Struct. Eng. 144(2), 04017198 (2018)
Mazza, F.: In-plane–out-of-plane non-linear model of masonry infills in the seismic analysis of R.C.‐framed buildings. Earthquake Eng. Struct. Dyn. 48(4), 432–453 (2019)
Di Trapani, F., Macaluso, G., Cavaleri, L., Papia, M.: Masonry infills and RC frames interaction: literature overview and state of the art of macromodeling approach. Eur. J. Environ. Civil Eng. 19(9), 1059–1095 (2015)
Asteris, P.G., Cavaleri, L., Di Trapani, F., Tsaris, A.K.: Numerical modelling of out-of-plane response of infilled frames: state of the art and future challenges for the equivalent strut macromodels. Eng. Struct. 132, 110–122 (2017)
Ricci, P., Di Domenico, M., Verderame, G.M.: Experimental assessment of the in-plane/out-of-plane interaction in unreinforced masonry infill walls. Eng. Struct. 173, 960–978 (2018)
Basha, S.H., Kaushik, H.B.: A novel macromodel for prediction of shear failure in columns of masonry infilled RC frames under earthquake loading. Bull. Earthquake Eng. 17, 2219–2244 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-018-00537-5
Royal Decree-Law No. 2229 Regulations for the construction of not reinforced and reinforced buildings (1939). (In Italian)
Updating of the Technical Regulations for the Constructions. Italian Ministry of the Infrastructures, D.M., 17 Jan 2018. (In Italian)
Mainstone, R.J.: Supplementary note on the stiffness and strength of infilled frames. Current Paper CP 13/74, Building Research Station, U.K. (1974)
Papia, M., Cavaleri, L., Fossetti, M.: Infilled frames: developments in the evaluation of the stiffening effect of infills. Struct. Eng. Mech. 16, 675–693 (2003)
Dawe, J.L., Seah, C.K.: Out-of-plane resistance of concrete masonry infilled panels. Can. J. Civil Eng. 16(6), 854–864 (1989)
Bertoldi, S.H., Decanini, L.D., Gavarini, C.: Telai tamponati soggetti ad azione sismica, un modello semplificato: confronto sperimentale e numerico. In: Proceedings of the VI National Conference on Earthquake Engineering, ANIDIS, Perugia, Italy (1993)
Mazza, F., Mazza, M.: Nonlinear modeling and analysis of R.C. framed buildings located in a near-fault area. Open Const. Build. Technol. J. 6, 346–354 (2012)
ESD: European Strong Motion database. http://esm.mi.ingv.it/
N.T.C. 2018: Updating of the Technical Regulations for the Constructions. Italian Ministry of the Infrastructures, D.M., 17 Jan 2018
Acunzo, G., Pagliaroli, A., Scasserra, G.: In-Spector: un software di supporto alla selezione di accelerogrammi naturali spettrocompatibili per analisi geotecniche e strutturali. In: 33° Convegno Nazionale GNGTS, Bologna, Italy, vol. 2, pp. 107–114 (2014)
Mazza, F., Labernarda, R.: Structural and non-structural intensity measures for the assessment of base-isolated structures subjected to pulse-like near-fault earthquakes. Soil Dyn. Earthquake Eng. 96, 115–127 (2017)
Eurocode 8: Design of Structures for Earthquake Resistance – Part 3: Assessment and retrofitting of buildings. C.E.N., European Committee for Standardization (2004)
Acknowledgements
The present work was financed by Re.L.U.I.S. (Italian network of university laboratories of earthquake engineering), in accordance with the “Convenzione D.P.C.-Re.L.U.I.S. 2019–2021, WP15, Code Revisions for Isolation and Dissipation”.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Mazza, F., Donnici, A. (2020). Effects of In- and Out-of-Plane Nonlinear Modelling of Masonry Infills on the Seismic Response of R.C. Framed Buildings. In: Carcaterra, A., Paolone, A., Graziani, G. (eds) Proceedings of XXIV AIMETA Conference 2019. AIMETA 2019. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_148
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41057-5_148
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-41056-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-41057-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)