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Overview: Epidemiology and Aetiology of Anal Incontinence

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Pelvic Floor Disorders

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Abstract

Anal incontinence is common and debilitating, but it is under-reported, and so prevalence may be underestimated. Prevalence varies from 1.4% to 19.5%; there is a heterogeneity in the study design and a paucity of high-quality population studies. Future estimates may increase as the definition of anal incontinence is standardised and barriers to reporting symptoms are broken down.

Continence is maintained by the integrity and function of the anorectum. Factors which affect continence are the delivery of stool to the rectum, the ability of the rectum to store faeces, the anal sphincter mechanism, nerve supply and physical mobility. Interruption to any of these mechanisms causes incontinence. The aetiology of anal incontinence is usually multifactorial. Risk factors include age, nursing home residence, childbirth, diarrhoea, faecal impaction, diabetes, urinary incontinence, neurological and psychiatric disorders, nutritional factors, poor mobility, prolapse, some surgeries and smoking.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Colorectal Surgery, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Hospital, London, UK

    Alison J. Hainsworth, Andrew B. Williams & Alexis M. P. Schizas

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Tertiary Referral Pelvic Floor and Incontinence Center, IV°Division of General Surgery, Regional Hospital, Treviso, University of Padua, Padua, Italy

    Giulio A. Santoro

  2. Department of Pediatric Radiology, Medical University of Lublin, Children’s University Hospital, Lublin, Poland

    Andrzej P. Wieczorek

  3. Urogynaecology and Pelvic Floor, Reconstruction Unit, Croydon University Hospital, St George’s University of London, London, UK

    Abdul H. Sultan

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Hainsworth, A.J., Williams, A.B., Schizas, A.M.P. (2021). Overview: Epidemiology and Aetiology of Anal Incontinence. In: Santoro, G.A., Wieczorek, A.P., Sultan, A.H. (eds) Pelvic Floor Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40862-6_29

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