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Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexual Healthcare of Homeless and Street-Involved Youth

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Clinical Care for Homeless, Runaway and Refugee Youth

Abstract

This chapter provides a framework to ensure that STI services are adolescent and young adult-friendly and accessible and are provided in a context that considers potential barriers to accessing care and factors that increase in risk including vulnerability to assault, unpredictable living circumstances, past history of trauma, potential mental health problems and use of substances. Homeless youth may have had negative prior experiences and faced rejection that may create barriers to accessing medical care. Inclusive, non-stigmatizing and non-presumptive terminology is reviewed. The importance of protecting the confidentiality of patient medical records is emphasized. Environmental, behavioural and biologic risk factors for sexually transmitted infections for youth experiencing homelessness are reviewed. Approaches to prevention of STIs for adolescents and young adults (including the use of condoms, HPV vaccine and PrEP for prevention of HIV), clinical presentations, laboratory diagnosis and management of gonorrhoea, chlamydia, syphilis, HPV, HIV and other specific STIs, with specific considerations for homeless adolescents and youth, are provided.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Recognizing the broad diversity of sexual identity, sexual orientation and gender identity, we have taken measures in this chapter to ensure the language we use is inclusive and gender-affirming. We have attempted to avoid making assumptions about gender, preferring to use more specific language when appropriate (e.g. person with a cervix rather than female; recognizes that both cisgender females and transgender males may have a cervix). In some situations, particularly when reporting on epidemiologic trends, this was not possible, as most studies use ‘male’ and ‘female’ as exclusive gender categories. In these situations, we use the terms as reported. In some situations, for clarity of language, we have used the terms ‘biological female’ and ‘biological male’ to refer to individuals who were assigned that particular gender at birth or have the sexual anatomy associated with female or male sex.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Troy Grennan

  2. Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada

    Joshua Edward

  3. YouthCO, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Sarah Chown

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  1. Troy Grennan
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  2. Joshua Edward
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Correspondence to Troy Grennan .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics (Retired), Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, British Columbia Children’s Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Curren Warf

  2. School of Social Work, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

    Grant Charles

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Grennan, T., Edward, J., Chown, S. (2020). Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexual Healthcare of Homeless and Street-Involved Youth. In: Warf, C., Charles, G. (eds) Clinical Care for Homeless, Runaway and Refugee Youth. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40675-2_12

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