Skip to main content

Challenging Leadership Norms: A New Way of Thinking About Leadership Preparation

  • Living reference work entry
  • First Online:
The Palgrave Handbook of Educational Leadership and Management Discourse

Abstract

Images of principals are often of a seasoned educator well into their teaching career, having risen through the ranks, gaining experience in middle- and senior-level leadership, ideally having completed some form of leadership preparation, and given license to lead a school. Their leadership development, most likely self-managed, perhaps including some formal studies, and most certainly including experience in leadership roles, occurs well into their careers as teachers. So, the idea of introducing pre-service teachers to notions of educational leadership in their initial teacher training is far from conventional thinking. This chapter explores new possibilities in leadership preparation arguing that because today’s teacher graduates are entering educational settings that are rapidly changing and increasing in complexity, they need to be prepared for leadership early in their careers. Distributed leadership structures are now commonplace with increasing opportunities and expectations for leadership across all levels. Graduates entering the profession can find themselves leading very early in their careers without any leadership knowledge, experience, or competencies. This chapter challenges leadership norms by rethinking how we prepare teachers for the profession recognizing the need to better equip teacher graduates for the reality in schools, the changing nature of a teachers’ role, and the need to create a pipeline of experienced leaders to lead the schools of the future. After sections describing the changing nature of schools and school leadership, teacher roles, and initial teacher education (ITE), the chapter considers how ITE courses are responding to these pressures through the provision of leadership learning.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Acquaro, D. (2019). Preparing the next generation of educational leaders: Initiating a leadership discourse in initial teacher education. International Studies in Educational Administration, 47(2), 107–124.

    Google Scholar 

  • Anderson, L. M., & Turnbull, B. J. (2019). Sustaining a principal pipeline. London, England: Policy Studies Associates and the Wallace Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bahr, N., & Mellor, S. (2016). Building quality in teaching and teacher education (Australian education review no. 61). Melbourne: Australian Council for Educational Research.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barber, M., & Mourshed, M. (2007). How the world’s best performing school systems come out on top. London, England: McKinsey & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Call, K. (2018). Professional teaching standards: A comparative analysis of their history, implementation and efficacy. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 43(3), 93–108.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Clarke, M., & Parker, K. (2021). Major teaching reform in England will erode the intellectual basis of the profession. The Conversation, August 18. Accessed from https://theconversation.com/major-teaching-reform-in-england-will-erode-the-intellectual-basis-of-the-profession-165102

  • Collay, M. (2011). Everyday teacher leadership. Taking action where you are. San Francisco, CA: Jossey Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • De Nobile, J. (2021). Researching middle leadership in schools: The state of the art. International Studies in Educational Administration, 49(2), 3–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Diamond, A. (2014). Pre-service early childhood educators’ leadership development through reflective engagement with experiential service and leadership literature. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 39(4), 12–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Education International & UNESCO. (2019). Global framework of professional teaching standards. Paris, France: Education International & UNESCO.

    Google Scholar 

  • Grissom, J. A., Egalite, A. J., & Lindsay, C. A. (2021). How principals affect students and schools. A systematic synthesis of two decades of research. New York, NY: The Wallace Foundation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gronn, P. (2000). Distributed properties: A new architecture for leadership. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 28(3), 317–338.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurr, D. (2023). A review of research on middle leaders in schools. In R. Tierney, F. Rizvi, K. Ercikan, & G. Smith (Eds.), International encyclopedia of education. London, England: Elsevier.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hargreaves, A., & O’Connor, M. T. (2018). Collaborative professionalism: When teaching together means learning for all. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. (2002). School improvement: What’s in it for schools? London, England: RoutledgeFalmer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A. (2003). Teacher leadership as distributed leadership: Heresy, fantasy or possibility? School Leadership & Management, 23(3), 313–324.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Harris, A., & Jones, M. (2017). Middle leaders matter: Reflections, recognition, and renaissance. School Leadership and Management, 37(3), 213–216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P. W. (2002). What all principals should know about teaching and learning. In M. S. Tucker & J. B. Codding (Eds.), The principal challenge. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill, P. W. (2019). Instructional leadership: What has changed? Monograph, 59. Sydney, Australia: Australian Council for Educational Leaders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ingersoll, R. M., & Collins, G. J. (2018). The status of teaching as a profession. In J. Ballantine, J. Spade, & J. Stuber (Eds.), Schools and society: A sociological approach to education (6th ed., pp. 199–213). Thousand Oaks, CA: Pine Forge Press/Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, F., McMahon, M., Nguyen, D., & Roulston, S. (2019). Leadership learning for pre-service and early career teachers: Insights from Ireland and Scotland. International Studies in Educational Administration, 47(2), 6–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Leithwood, K. (2016). Department-head leadership for school improvement. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 15(2), 117–140.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leithwood, K., & Duke, D. (1998). Mapping the conceptual terrain of leadership: A critical point of departure for cross-cultural studies. Peabody Journal of Education, 73(2), 31–50.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2020). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership revisited. School Leadership & Management, 40(1), 5–22.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Leithwood, K., & Mascall, B. (2008). Collective leadership effects on student achievement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 44(4), 529–561.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lipscombe, K., Tindall-Ford, S., & Lamanna, J. (2021). School middle leadership: A systematic review. Educational Management, Administration and Leadership, SAGE Journals. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143220983328

  • Louis, K., Leithwood, K., Wahlstrom, K., & Anderson, S. (2010). Learning from leadership: Investigating the links to improved student learning. Final report of research to the Wallace Foundation. Minneapolis, MN: Center for Applied Research and Educational Improvement, University of Minnesota.

    Google Scholar 

  • Muijs, D., & Harris, A. (2006). Teacher led school improvement: Teacher leadership in the UK. Teaching and Teacher Education., 22(8), 961–972.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Murphy, J. (2005). Connecting teacher leadership and school improvement. New York, NY: Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen, D., Harris, A., & Ng, D. (2020). A review of the empirical research on teacher leadership (2003–2017): Evidence, patterns, and implications. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(1), 60–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall, J., Thomas, L., & Henderson, L. (2018). Formative interventions in leadership development in early childhood education: The potential of double stimulation. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 16(1), 80–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nuttall, J., Thomas, L., & Wood, E. (2014). Travelling policy reforms reconfiguring the work of early childhood educators in Australia. Globalisation, Societies and Education, 12(3), 358–372. https://doi.org/10.1080/14767724.2014.916199

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Page, J., & Tayler, C. (2016). Leading for learning. In J. Page & C. Tayler (Eds.), Learning and teaching in the early years (pp. 112–133). Port Melbourne, Australia: Cambridge University Press.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Page, J., & Waniganayake, M. (2019). Early childhood educational leaders in Australia: Tensions and possibilities in leadership preparation and capacity building. International Studies in Educational Administration, 47(2), 23–36.

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearce, C. L., & Conger, J. A. (2003). Shared leadership: Reframing the hows and whys of leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Saavedra, J. (2021). Realizing the promise of effective teachers for every child – A global platform for successful teachers. World Bank Blogs, February 2, 2021. Accessed from https://blogs.worldbank.org/education/realizing-promise-effective-teachers-every-child-global-platform-successful-teachers

  • Schott, C., van Roekel, H., & Tummers, L. G. (2020). Teacher leadership: A systematic review, methodological quality assessment and conceptual framework. Educational Research Review, 31.

    Google Scholar 

  • See, B. H., Morris, R., Gorard, S., Kokotsaki, D., & Abdi, S. (2020). Teacher recruitment and retention: A critical review of international evidence of most promising interventions. Education Sciences, 10(10), 262–307.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Spillane, J. P. (2006). Distributed leadership. San Francisco, CA: Wiley.

    Google Scholar 

  • Spillane, J. P., & Zuberi, A. (2009). Designing and piloting a leadership daily practice log: Using logs to study the practice of leadership. Educational Administration Quarterly, 45(3), 375–423.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Stamopoulos, E. (2015). The professional leadership and action research training model: Supporting early childhood leadership. Australasian Journal of Early Childhood, 40(4), 39–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Supovitz, J.A., D’Auria, J., & Spillane, J.P. (2019). Meaningful and sustainable school improvement with distributed leadership. CPRE Research Reports. Retrieved from https://repository.upenn.edu/cpre_researchreports/112

  • Tani, M. (2019). Why are teachers mostly female? Because men get better pay in other professions. August 18. Accessed from: https://theconversation.com/why-are-teachers-mostly-female-because-men-get-better-pay-in-other-professions-109569

  • Thomas, C., & Brown, B. (2019). Developing pre-service teachers’ leadership capacity through group work. International Studies in Educational Administration, 47(2), 37–57.

    Google Scholar 

  • Thompson, P. (2021). Recruiting and retaining headteachers – What do we know? School Leader’s. Work and Well Being. August 30. Accessed from: https://schoolleadersworkandwellbeing.com/2021/08/30/recruiting-and-retaining-headteachers-what-do-we-know/

  • Tian, M., Risku, M., & Collin, K. (2016). A meta-analysis of distributed leadership from 2002 to 2013: Theory development, empirical evidence and future research focus. Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 44(1), 146–164.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Webber, C. F., & Okoko, J. M. (2021). Exploring teacher leadership across cultures: Introduction to teacher leadership themed special issue. Research in Educational Administration and Leadership, 6(1), 1–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wenner, J. A., & Campbell, T. (2017). The theoretical and empirical basis of teacher leadership: A review of the literature. Review of Educational Research, 87(1), 134–171.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • York-Barr, J., & Duke, K. (2004). What do we know about teacher leadership? Findings from two decades of scholarship. Review of Educational Research, 74(3), 255–316.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Zhao, Z. (2018). The changing context of teaching and implications for teacher education. Peabody Journal of Education, 93(3), 295–308.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Daniela Acquaro .

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this entry

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this entry

Acquaro, D., Gurr, D. (2022). Challenging Leadership Norms: A New Way of Thinking About Leadership Preparation. In: The Palgrave Handbook of Educational Leadership and Management Discourse. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39666-4_25-1

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-39666-4_25-1

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-39666-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-39666-4

  • eBook Packages: Springer Reference EducationReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Education

Publish with us

Policies and ethics