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Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Rosemary

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Medicinal, Aromatic and Stimulant Plants

Part of the book series: Handbook of Plant Breeding ((HBPB,volume 12))

Abstract

Rosemary, a well-known Mediterranean aromatic evergreen, up to 3-m-high perennial shrub, is widely cultivated since ancient times for medicinal, culinary and ornamental purposes. The Mediterranean genus Rosmarinus L. (Lamiaceae) includes three species; among them the most common and most widely distributed is Rosmarinus officinalis L. “The dew of the sea” (the meaning of rosemary) with small white, pink to bluish hermaphrodite flowers can grow and reproduce under diverse climate and soil conditions. It can be found in an abundant morphological and biochemical variation (e.g. growth habit, leaf size, flower size and colour, volatile compounds). This variation can be explained by high phenotypic plasticity and genetic diversity within and among populations. Self-compatibility is predominant in rosemary breeding system, but automatic self-pollination is prevented by strong protandry in combination with nonsimultaneous maturation of anthers and stigma. The proportion of male-sterile flowers in R. officinalis shows large temporal variation during the breeding season. This temporal gynodioecy, the length of the flowering season and flowering synchrony of individuals within populations all favour high rates of cross-pollination, therefore increasing allogamy rates.

Characterization and evaluation of natural diversity are still used in rosemary breeding programmes. Polymorphic markers are used to understand the diversity patterns and relationship between different varieties. The mostly used breeding method for developing new cultivars or varieties is clone and line selection using wild population of rosemary as a starting material. Selection under environmental pressure is still a challenge in rosemary breeding.

Propagation by seed is not effective considering cross-pollination and typically very slowly seed germination. Among the methods of vegetative propagation, propagation by cuttings is the easiest and widely applied method. In vitro propagation is used to get higher multiplication rates from selected plant materials.

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  1. Dr. Junghanns GmbH, Aschersleben, Germany

    Merita Hammer & Wolfram Junghanns

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  1. Institute for Animal Nutrition and Functional Plant Compounds, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Johannes Novak

  2. Dr. Junghanns GmbH, Aschersleben, Germany

    Wolf-Dieter Blüthner

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Hammer, M., Junghanns, W. (2020). Rosmarinus officinalis L.: Rosemary. In: Novak, J., Blüthner, WD. (eds) Medicinal, Aromatic and Stimulant Plants. Handbook of Plant Breeding, vol 12. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38792-1_15

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