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Microbial Ecosystem and Its Impact on Solving the Environmental Problems: A Molecular Approach

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Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 1

Part of the book series: Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World ((ECSW,volume 44))

Abstract

As our admiration for the extent and complexity of microbial ecosystems grow, we can extrapolate how our new comprehension could shape our future. No doubt, microbes can alter their environments and can be harnessed to engineer our planet as well as our health. Indeed, even ecosystem restoration has deep appreciation for the role of microbes in shaping the relevant environment, by decomposition of biomass and recycling of nutrients. Although our present knowledge about evolutionary processes and metabolic mechanisms that fortify most microbial ecosystem dynamics is extremely limited, rapid advances in technologies that help elucidate these processes are set to increase the current rate of knowledge acquisition. Microbial ecology gives a new and safe way to make our environment pollution-free by degrading the contaminants from water to make it useful for humans. It changes the way how human diseases are being treated, by using microbes as prebiotics and probiotics and transfaunation procedures. Similarly, industrial processes that once relied on microbe-based technology to produce bioactive molecules that are extensively used in medical industry, chemical industry, food, and agriculture, as well as biofuel and bioelectricity give an alternative way to fulfill the demand of energy-hungry civilization.

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Abbreviations

AOA:

Ammonia-oxidizing archaea

AOB:

Ammonia-oxidizing bacteria

C:

Carbon

CO2:

Carbon dioxide

DCM:

Dichloromethane

DNA:

Deoxyribonucleic acid

EBPR:

Enhanced biological phosphorus removal

ECM:

Ectomycorrhizal

GAO:

Glycogen-accumulating organisms

N:

Nitrogen

NOB:

Nitrite-oxidizing bacteria

NPP:

Net primary productivity

OTUs:

Operational taxonomic unit

P:

Phosphorus

PAH:

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

PAO:

Polyphosphate-accumulating organisms

RNA:

Ribonucleic acid

SOM:

Soil organic matter

WWTPs:

Wastewater treatment plants

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Acknowledgments

I am thankful to the international college of Southwest University and school of life science of Southwest University, China. I am also thankful to my friends and professors of Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, China

    Md Kaisar Ali

  2. School of Chemistry, Advanced Materials and BioEngineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Sajjad Husain Mir

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  1. Md Kaisar Ali
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  2. Sajjad Husain Mir
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India

    K. M. Gothandam

  2. Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa

    Shivendu Ranjan

  3. Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Engineering and Technology, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India

    Nandita Dasgupta

  4. Aix-Marseille University, CNRS, IRD, INRA, Coll France, CEREGE, Aix-en-Provence, France

    Eric Lichtfouse

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Ali, M.K., Mir, S.H. (2020). Microbial Ecosystem and Its Impact on Solving the Environmental Problems: A Molecular Approach. In: Gothandam, K., Ranjan, S., Dasgupta, N., Lichtfouse, E. (eds) Environmental Biotechnology Vol. 1. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 44. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38192-9_2

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