Abstract
The developments in the field of artificial intelligence are pointing out to complex nature of intelligence. The aim of this chapter is to show that to achieve a deeper understanding of intelligence, which is also the main task of Walter Pitts and Warren McCulloch, we need artificial intelligence, but we need psychology, neuroscience, and we also need philosophy. The complex nature of intelligence points to the need for turning back to evolution of understanding of intelligence that we find in definitions with which we operate and to history of the term itself. Moreover, it seems that the history of attempts to define intelligence indicate that its essence is scattered throughout many fields. However, the turn to the history of the meanings of the term itself can unravel the essence of intelligence. For this, we need philosophy. Perhaps we can say that we can grasp the essence of intelligence from mingling between the linguistic and the cognitive. For this, we need AI, psychology, neuroscience, and philosophy.
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Notes
- 1.
Name used for the paper “Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey” by James Lighthill, published in Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium in 1973. It is the proposal to end support for AI research
- 2.
- 3.
It is true that we can find this kind of distinction, although the term “cybernetic” is not quite appropriate. The distinction between the cognitive and the affective can be attributed to Plato.
- 4.
One of the most influential scholastics and philosopher who is direct connection to early Christian philosophers and Greek philosophical thought, just as Aristotle is connection to thought of Presocratics. He is important to us not only because in his texts he gives an overview of the history of arguments of thinkers before and in his age on questions he dealt with, but because he was systematic, logically clear, and the Latin he used was precise the Latin used on first Universities.
- 5.
In this passage, we will use Eberl overview of Aquinas questions 79, 84–89 from Summa theologiae but for the start of deeper study we recommend questions [1, Sth. I. q. 75–89].
- 6.
For detailed overview of human acting on moral principles see whole book and for the indicated term [24, pp. 110–101, 205].
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Novina, M. (2020). From the Linguistic Turn to the Cognitive Turn and Back Again. In: Skansi, S. (eds) Guide to Deep Learning Basics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37591-1_3
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