Abstract
The relation between church and state, and between the appropriate boundaries of the religious and the political has posed a challenge for scholars and statesmen alike for centuries. Much of the work done on this issue posits a fundamental opposition of modernity and religion and predicts that the practice of the latter inexorably declines as the former progresses (Wilson 1998: 48–49). Calling this “the secularisation theory”, Berger (1999) argues that “modernisation necessarily leads to a decline of religion, both in society and in the minds of individuals; as societies modernize, increasing commitments to scientific rationality and individual autonomy lessen the influence of ‘the sacred’ and of religiously oriented institutions, leading to an inevitable process of secularisation” (Berger 1999: 201–202).
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Başkan, B. (2011). Turkey-GCC relations: Is There a future? Insight Turkey, 13(1), 159–173.
Bayat, A. (2007). Islam and democracy: What is the real question?. ISIM Paper 8. Leiden: Amsterdam University Press.
Ben-Porat, G. (2013). Why did secular Israelis win Shabbat shopping but forego secular marriage?. Haaretz August 1st.
Berger, P. (1999). The desecularization of the world: Resurgent religion and world politics. Washington, DC: The Ethics and Public Policy Center.
Berkes, N. (1998). The development of secularism in Turkey (pp. 481–507). New York: Routledge.
Bokhari, K. & Senzai, F. (2018). The politics of Islamism. New York: Springer.
Cox, H. G., & Swyngedouw, J. (2000). The myth of the twentieth century: The rise and fall of secularization. Japanese Journal of Religious Studies, 27, 1–13.
Esposito, J. L. & Voll, J. O. (1998). İslamiyet ve Demokrasi. Ahmet Fethi (transl.), İstanbul: Sarmal Yayınevi.
Esposito, J. L., & Voll, J. O. (2001). Makers of contemporary Islam. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Fazeli, M. (2006). Iranians political attitudes: A national survey. Iranian Students Poling Agency.
Fazeli, N. (2006b). Politics of culture in Iran: Anthropology, politics and society in the twentieth century. New York: Routledge.
Gasiorowski, M. J. (1987). The 1953 Coup D’etat in Iran. International Journal of Middle East Studies, 19(3), 261–286.
Gencer, B. (2017). İslâm’da Modernleşme, 1839–1939. Ankara: Doğu Batı.
Göksel, O. (2016). In Search of a non-eurocentric understanding of modernization: Turkey as a case of ‘multiple modernities’. Mediterranean Politics, 21(2), 246–267.
Halliday, F. (2010). The cold war: Lessons and legacies. Government and Opposition, 45(1), 1–28.
Hashemi, N. (2013a). The Arab spring two years on: Reflections on dignity, democracy, and devotion. Ethics and International Affairs, 27(2), 207–221.
Hashemi, N. (2013b). Islam and democracy. In John Esposito & Emad Shahin (Eds.), Oxford handbook on Islam and politics. New York: Oxford University Press.
Hibbard, S. W. (2010). Religious politics and secular states, Egypt, India, and the United States. Baltimore, MD: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Hourani, A. (1983). Arabic thought in the liberal age: 1789–1939. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Kamali, M. (2001). Civil society and Islam: A sociological perspective. Archives Européennes de Sociologie, 42(3), 457–482.
Krzysztof, I. (2015). A critique of the anti-modernist critique of secularism. Journal of Asia Pacific Studies, 4(2), 156–168.
Lapidus, I. M. (2002). A history of Islamic societies. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lewis, B. (1961). The emergence of modern Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Metwally, M. M. (1997). Economic consequences of applying Islamic principles in Muslim societies. International Journal of Social Economics, 24(7/8/9), 941–957.
Murphy, E. C. (1999). Economic and political change in Tunisia: From Bourguiba to Ben Ali. London: Palgrave/Mac Millan.
Nasr, V. (2009). Forces of fortune: The rise of the new Muslim middle class and what it will mean for our world. New York, NY: Free Press.
Schultz, K. M. (2006). Secularization: A bibliographic essay. The Hedgehog Review Spring/Summer, 06, 170–177.
Tamadonfar, M., & Jelen, T. G. (2014). Introduction. In M. Tamadonfar & T. G. Jelen (Eds.), Religion and regimes: Support, separation, and opposition. Lanham, MD: Lexington Books.
Tripp, C. (2006). Islam and the moral economy: The challenge of capitalism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Turner, B. S. (1978). Orientalism, Islam and Capitalism. Social compass, 25(3–4), 371–394.
Ünsar, S. (2008). Endurance of redistributive institutional structure: The role of institutional rigidities in the ottoman case, University of Southern California.
Ünsar, S. (2018). On the political economy of Ottoman institutional change: A macro-historical perspective. In Ö. Ü. Eriş & A. S. İkiz (Eds.), The political economy of Muslim countries (pp. 102–121), Cambridge Scholars.
Voigt, S. (2005). Islam and the institutions of a free society. The Independent Review: A Journal of Political Economy, 10(1), 59–82.
Wilson, B. (1998). The secularization thesis: criticisms and rebuttals. In R. Laermans, R. Bryan, Wilson & J. Billiet (Eds.), Secularization and social integration (pp. 44–55), Leuven: Leuven University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Ünsar, S., Ünal Eriş, Ö. (2020). Concluding Remarks. In: Ünsar, S., Ünal Eriş, Ö. (eds) Revisiting Secularism in Theory and Practice. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37456-3_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-37456-3_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-37455-6
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-37456-3
eBook Packages: Political Science and International StudiesPolitical Science and International Studies (R0)