Abstract
Some features of a promising technology for creating complex profiles of smoothly irregular and stepped integrated optical waveguide structures, namely, the technology of laser printing, are briefly discussed. The relevance and importance of this direction is due to the widespread and promising technology of femtosecond recording, as well as the active use of elements (chips) created in this way in integrated optics and nanophotonics. Three-dimensional photon schemes have a wide range of applications, from quantum information processing and miniature lasers to opto-mechanics and optical fluids.
When designing bulk integrated optical structures, complex problems arise, both of a theoretical nature and of numerical simulation of the waveguide propagation of optical radiation, because the guided waveguide modes experience radiation and leakage losses. In this regard, the creation of new methods for theoretical and numerical analysis of waveguide processes, in particular those related to the leakage of modes, is undoubtedly important and relevant in the development of the technology of “laser printing”.
Our study shows that, first of all, the radiation outflow process should be considered as a wave process, and models should be built based on wave equations. Constructing a rigorous theory of waveguide leakage processes will make an important theoretical contribution to the theory of integrated optical waveguides and will contribute to improving the technology of “laser printing”.
The publication has been prepared with the support of the “RUDN University Program 5-100”(Sevastianov L.A., mathematical model development). The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 19-01-00645 (Egorov A.A., physical model development). The reported study was funded by RFBR, project number 18-07-00567 (Divakov D.V., numerical analysis).
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Salter, P.S., Jesacher, A., Spring, J.B., Metcalf, B.J., et al.: Adaptive slit beam shaping for direct laser written waveguides. Opt. Lett. 37, 470–472 (2012)
Gross, S., Riesen, N., Love, J.D., Withford, M.J.: Three-dimensional ultra-broadband integrated tapered mode multiplexers. Laser Photonics Rev. 8(5), L81–L85 (2014)
Heilmann, R., Greganti, C., Gräfe, M., Nolte, S., Walther, P., Szameit, A.: Tapering of fs Laser-written Waveguides (2017). arXiv:1707.02941
Corrielli, G., Seri, A., Mazzera, M., Osellame, R., de Riedmatten, H.: An Integrated Optical Memory based on Laser Written Waveguides (2015). arXiv:1512.09288v1
El Hassan, A., Kunst, F.K., Moritz, A., Andler, G., Bergholtz, E.J., Bourennane, M.: Corner states of light in photonic waveguides (2018). arXiv:1812.08185v1
Pavlov, I., Tokelet, O., Pavlova, S., et al.: Femtosecond laser written waveguides deep inside silicon. Opt. Lett. 42, 3028–3031 (2017)
Sherwood-Droz, N., Lipson, M.: Scalable 3D dense integration of photonics on bulk silicon Opt. Express 19(18), 17758–17765 (2011)
Stuart, B.C., Feit, M.D., Herman, S., Rubenchik, A.M., Shore, B.W., Perry, M.D.: Nanosecond-to-femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in dielectrics. Phys. Rev. B 53(4), 1749–1761 (1996)
Carr, C.W., Radousky, H.B., Rubenchik, A.M., Feit, M.D., Demos, S.G.: Localized dynamics during laser-induced damage in optical materials. Phys. Rev. Lett. 92(8), 087401 (2004)
Stone, A., et al.: Direct laser-writing of ferroelectric single-crystal waveguide architectures in glass for 3D integrated optics. Sci. Rep. 5, 10391 (2015)
Corrielli, G., et al.: Rotated waveplates in integrated waveguide optics. Nat. Commun. 5, 4249 (2014)
Bellouard, Y., Said, A.A., Bado, P.: Integrating optics and micro-mechanics in a single substrate: a step toward monolithic integration in fused silica. Opt. Express 13, 6635 (2005)
Osellame, R., Hoekstra, H.J.W.M., Cerullo, G., Pollnau, M.: Femtosecond laser microstructuring: an enabling tool for optofluidic lab-on-chips. Laser Photon. Rev. 5, 442 (2011)
Ogusu, K., Miyag, M., Nishida, S.: Leaky TE modes in an asymmetic three-layered slab waveguide. J. Opt. Soc. Am. 70, 68–72 (1980)
Marcuvitz, N.: On field representations in terms of leaky modes or eigenmodes. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. 4(3), 192–194 (1956)
Goldstone, L.O., Oliner, A.A.: Leaky-wave antennas I: rectangular waveguides. IRE Trans. Antennas Propag. AP 7, 307–319 (1959)
Tamir, T., Oliner, A.A.: Guided complex waves, part I: fields at an interface. Proc. inst. Elec. Eng. 110, 310–324 (1963)
Tamir, T., Oliner, A.A.: Guided complex waves, part II: relation to radiation patterns. Proc. Inst. Elec. Eng. 110, 325–334 (1963)
Barone, S.: Leaky wave contributions to the field of a line source above a dielectric slab. Report R-532-546, PIB-462, Microwave Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, 26 November 1956
Barone, S., Hessel, A.: Leaky wave contributions to the field of a line source above a dielectric slab-part II. Report R-698-58, PIB-626, Microwave Research Institute, Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, December 1958
Cassedy, E.S., Cohn, M.: On the existence of leaky waves due to a line source above a grounded dielectric slab. IRE Trans. Microwave Theor. Tech. 9, 243–247 (1961)
Gamow, G.: Zur quantentheorie de atomkernes. Z. Phys. 51, 204–212 (1928)
Bohm, A., Gadella, M., Mainland, B.: Gamow vectors and decaying states. Am. J. Phys. 57, 1103–1108 (1989)
Siegert, A.F.J.: On the derivation of the dispersion formula for nuclear reactions. Phys. Rev. 56, 750–752 (1939)
Tolstikhin, O.I., Ostrovsky, V.N., Nakamura, H.: Siegert pseudo-states as a universal tool: resonances, S matrix, green function. Phys. Rev. Lett. 79, 2026 (1997)
Tolstikhin, O.I., Ostrovsky, V.N., Nakamura, H.: Siegert pseudostate formulation of scattering theory: one-channel case. Phys. Rev. A 58, 2077 (1998)
Monticone, F., Alu, A.: Leaky-wave theory, techniques, and applications: from microwaves to visible frequencies. Proc. IEEE 103(5), 793–821 (2015)
Divakov, D., Drevitskiy, A., Egorov, A., Sevastianov, L.: Numerical modeling of leaky electromagnetic waves in planar dielectric waveguides. Proc. SPIE 11066, 110660R (2019)
Divakov, D., Tiutiunnik, A., Sevastianov, A.: Symbolic-numeric computation of the eigenvalues and eigenfunctions of the leaky modes in a regular homogeneous open waveguide. MATEC Web Conf. 186, 4 p., Article ID 01009 (2018)
Fock, V.A.: Electromagnetic Diffraction and Propagation Problems. Pergamon Press, London (1965)
Martínez-Ros, A.J., Gómez-Tornero, J.L., Clemente-Fernández, F.J., Monzó-Cabrera, J.: Microwave near-field focusing properties of width-tapered microstrip leaky-wave antenna. IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. 61(6), 2981–2990 (2013)
Egorov, A.A.: Theory of laser radiation scattering in integrated optical waveguide with 3D-irregularities in presence of noise: vector consideration. Laser Phys. Lett. 1(12), 579–585 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200410140
Egorov, A.A.: Use of waveguide light scattering for precision measurements of the statistic parameters of irregularities of integrated optical waveguide materials. Opt. Eng. 44(1), 014601–1-10 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1117/1.1828469
Egorov, A.A.: Inverse problem of theory of the laser irradiation scattering in two-dimensional irregular integrated optical waveguide in the presence of statistic noise. Laser Phys. Lett. 2(2), 77–83 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1002/lapl.200410129
Egorov, A.A.: Theoretical, experimental and numerical methods for investigating the characteristics of laser radiation scattered in the integrated-optical waveguide with three-dimensional irregularities. Quant. Electron. 41(7), 644–649 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2011v041n07ABEH014560
Egorov, A.A.: Study of bifurcation processes in a multimode waveguide with statistical irregularities. Quant. Electron. 41(10), 911–916 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2011v041n10ABEH014683
Egorov, A.A.: Theoretical and numerical analysis of propagation and scattering of eigen- and non-eigenmodes of an irregular integrated-optical waveguide. Quant. Electron. 42(4), 337–344 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2012v042n04ABEH014809
Egorov, A.A., Shigorin, V.D., Ayriyan, A.S., Ayryan, E.A.: Study of the effect of pulsed-periodic electric field and linearly polarized laser radiation on the properties of liquid-crystal waveguide. Phys. Wave Phenom. 26(2), 116–123 (2018). https://doi.org/10.3103/S1541308X18020012
Egorov, A.A., Egorov, M.A., Tsareva, Y.I., Chekhlova, T.K.: Study of the integrated-optical concentration sensor for gaseous substances. Laser Phys. 17(1), 50–53 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1134/S1054660X07010100
Egorov, A.A., Egorov, M.A., Chekhlova, T.K., Timakin, A.G.: Study of a computer-controlled integrated optical gas-concentration sensor. Quant. Electron. 38(8), 787–790 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2008v038n08ABEH013589
Egorov, A.A.: Theory of absorption integrated optical sensor of gaseous materials. Opt. Spectrosc. 109(4), 625–634 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1134/S0030400X1010022X
Egorov, A.A., Andler, G., Sevastyanov, A.L., Sevastyanov, L.A.: On some properties of smoothly irregular waveguide structures critical for information optical systems. Commun. Comput. Inf. Sci. 919, 387–398 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99447-5
Egorov, A., Sevastianov, L., Shigorin, V., Andler, G., Ayriyan, A., Ayriyan, E.: Experimental and numerical study of properties of nematic liquid crystal waveguide structures. IEEE Xplore 8631282, 448–452 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUMT.2018.8631282
Wang, Y., H., Li, Zhao, L., Liu, Y., Liu, S., Yang, J.: Tapered optical fiber waveguide coupling to whispering gallery modes of liquid crystal microdroplet for thermal sensing application. Opt. Express 25(2), 918–926 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.25.000918
Liu, J.-M.: Photonic Devices. University Press, Cambridge (2005)
Rigneault, H., Lourtioz, J.-M., Delalande, C., Levenson, A. (eds.): Nanophotonics. ISTE Ltd. (2006)
Davis, K.M., Miura, K., Sugimoto, N., Hirao, K.: Writing waveguides in glass with a femtosecond laser. Opt. Lett. 21(21), 1729–1731 (1996)
Ams, M., et al.: Investigation of ultrafast laser-photonic material interactions: challenges for directly written glass photonics. IEEE Sel. Top. Quant. Electron. 14(5), 1370–1381 (2008)
Nandi, P., et al.: Femtosecond laser written channel waveguides in tellurite glass. Opt. Express 14(25), 12145–12150 (2006)
Nejadmalayeri, A.H., Herman, P.R.: Ultrafast laser waveguide writing: lithium niobate and the role of circular polarization and picosecond pulse width. Opt. Lett. 31, 2987–2989 (2006)
Yang, W., Kazansky, P.G., Svirko, Y.P.: Non-reciprocal ultrafast laser writing. Nat. Photonics 2, 99–104 (2008)
Eaton, S.M., Chen, W., Zhang, L., Iyer, R., Aitchison, J.S., Herman, P.R.: Telecom-band directional coupler written with femtosecond fiber laser. IEEE Photonics Technol. Lett. 18(20), 2174–2176 (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Egorov, A.A., Divakov, D.V., Lovetskiy, K.P., Sevastianov, A.L., Sevastianov, L.A. (2019). Leaky Modes in Laser-Printed Integrated Optical Structures. In: Vishnevskiy, V., Samouylov, K., Kozyrev, D. (eds) Distributed Computer and Communication Networks. DCCN 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 11965. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36614-8_41
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36614-8_41
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36613-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36614-8
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)