Abstract
MINTEK in South Africa is investigating the effect of preheating on smelter operations mainly to reduce the electrical energy requirement for smelters. A pilot-scale facility is being developed which includes a one t/h rotary kiln coupled to an electric arc furnace (EAF) optionally served by either an alternating current (AC) or direct current (DC) power supply. The facility also includes integrated materials handling, product handling, and water-cooling systems. It allows for the evaluation of cold versus hot feed (up to 900 °C) on smelter operations over periods of 2–3 weeks continuous operation. The first application will study the effect of preheating on the smelting of titaniferous magnetite (15% TiO2) using a DC-furnace as part of the TiMag project. The second application will evaluate the effect of preheating on the production of high carbon ferromanganese (targeting 78%Mn) using an AC-furnace as part of the PreMa project. The paper presents the results of the basic engineering of the project.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Steinberg WS, Geyser W, The history and development of the pyrometallurgical processes at Evraz Highveld Steel & Vanadium, p 14
Steenkamp J, Bam W, Ringdalen E, Mushwana M, Hockaday S, Sithole N (2018) Working towards an increase in manganese ferroalloy production in South Africa—a research agenda. J South Afr Inst Min Metall 118(6):645–654
Anonymous (2019) Eskom tarrifs & charges booklet 2019/2020. Tech. Rep., Eskom, Apr. 2019
Jones R (2014) DC arc furnaces—past, present, and future. In: Celebrating the megascale: proceedings of the extraction and processing division, symposium in honour of D.G.C. Robertson. San Diego, California, pp 129–139
ASTM-A99 (2009) Standard specification for ferromanganese. 2003: ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA
Ahmed A, Halfa H, El-Fawakhry M, El-Faramawy H, Eissa M (2014) Parameters affecting energy consumption for producing high carbon ferromanganese in a closed submerged arc furnace. Int J Iron Steel Res 21(7):666–672
Olsen S, Tangstad M, Lindstad T (2007) Production of manganese ferroalloys. Tapir Academic Press, Trondheim, Norway
Swamy K, Robertson D, Calvert P, Kozak D (2001) Factors affecting carbon consumption in the production of high carbon ferromanganese, Quebec City, Canada, pp 293–301
Healy G (1990) Ferromanganese material and energy balances calculation of electrical resistance mix. In: Proceedings of the international symposium on ferrous and non-ferrous alloy processes, Hamilton, Canada, pp 85–96
Seider W, Seader J, Lewin D (2004) Product and process design principles—synthesis, analysis, and evaluation, 2nd edn. Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, USA
Acknowledgements
The TiMag project is funded by the Medium Term Expenditure Framework (MTEF) funding by the South African National Treasury. The PreMa project is funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under Grant Agreement No 820561 and industry partners: Transalloys, Eramet, Ferroglobe, OFZ, and Outotec.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society
About this paper
Cite this paper
Steenkamp, J.D., Denton, G.M., Pieters, T. (2020). Upgrading Pilot-Scale Facility at MINTEK to Evaluate the Effect of Preheating on Smelter Operations. In: Peng, Z., et al. 11th International Symposium on High-Temperature Metallurgical Processing. The Minerals, Metals & Materials Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36540-0_28
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36540-0_28
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-36539-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-36540-0
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)