Abstract
Finding maximum complete subgraph (maximum clique) from the input graph is an NP-Complete problem. When the graph size grows, the genetic algorithm is an appropriate candidate for solving this problem. However, due to the reduced computational complexity, the genetic algorithm can solve the problem, but it can still be time consuming to solve big problems. To tackle this weakness, we parallelize our hybrid genetic algorithm for solving the maximum clique problem. In this direction, we have parallelized producing, repairing and evaluation of chromosomes. Experimental results by using a set of benchmark instances from the DIMACS graphs indicate that the proposed meta heuristic algorithm in almost all cases, it finds optimal or near optimal answer. Also, the efficiency of the proposed parallelization is more than 3.44 times faster on an 8-core processor in comparison to the sequential implementation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
DIMACS benchmark graphs. http://iridia.ulb.ac.be/~fmascia/maximum_clique/DIMACS-benchmark. Accessed 03 Mar 2018
Balasundaram, B., Butenko, S., Hicks, I.V.: Clique relaxations in social network analysis: the max k-plex problem. Oper. Res. 59(1), 133–142 (2011)
Batagelj, V., Zaversnik, M.: An O(m) algorithm for cores decomposition of networks. arXiv preprint cs/0310049 (2003)
Bhasin, H., Kumar, N., Munjal, D.: Hybrid genetic algorithm for maximum clique problem. Int. J. Appl. Innov. Eng. Manag. 2(4) (2013)
Bhasin, H., Mahajan, R.: Genetic algorithms based solution to maximum clique problem. Int. J. Comput. Sci. Eng. 4(8), 1443 (2012)
Bomze, I.M., Budinich, M., Pardalos, P.M., Pelillo, M.: The maximum clique problem. In: Du, D.Z., Pardalos, P.M. (eds.) Handbook of Combinatorial Optimization, pp. 1–74. Springer, Boston (1999). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3023-4_1
Brotcorne, L., Laporte, G., Semet, F.: Fast heuristics for large scale covering-location problems. Comput. Oper. Res. 29(6), 651–665 (2002)
Chen, F., Zhai, H., Fang, Y.: Available bandwidth in multirate and multihop wireless ad hoc networks. IEEE J. Sel. Areas Commun. 28(3), 299–307 (2010)
Dorndorf, U., Jaehn, F., Pesch, E.: Modelling robust flight-gate scheduling as a clique partitioning problem. Transp. Sci. 42(3), 292–301 (2008)
Etzion, T., Ostergard, P.R.: Greedy and heuristic algorithms for codes and colorings. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 44(1), 382–388 (1998)
Fakhfakh, F., Tounsi, M., Mosbah, M., Hadj Kacem, A.: Algorithms for finding maximal and maximum cliques: a survey. In: Abraham, A., Muhuri, P.K., Muda, A.K., Gandhi, N. (eds.) ISDA 2017. AISC, vol. 736, pp. 745–754. Springer, Cham (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76348-4_72
Fazlali, M., Fallah, M.K., Hosseinpour, N., Katanforoush, A.: Accelerating datapath merging by task parallelisation on multicore systems. Int. J. Parallel Emergent Distrib. Syst. 34, 1–14 (2019)
Fazlali, M., Zakerolhosseini, A., Gaydadjiev, G.: Efficient datapath merging for the overhead reduction of run-time reconfigurable systems. J. Supercomput. 59(2), 636–657 (2012)
Fleurent, C., Ferland, J.A.: Genetic and hybrid algorithms for graph coloring. Ann. Oper. Res. 63(3), 437–461 (1996)
Guo, J., Zhang, S., Gao, X., Liu, X.: Parallel graph partitioning framework for solving the maximum clique problem using Hadoop. In: 2017 IEEE 2nd International Conference on Big Data Analysis (ICBDA), pp. 186–192. IEEE (2017)
Johnson, D.: Computers and Intractability-A Guide to the Theory of NP-Completeness. W. H. Freeman and Company, New York (1979)
Lessley, B., Perciano, T., Mathai, M., Childs, H., Bethel, E.W.: Maximal clique enumeration with data-parallel primitives. In: 2017 IEEE 7th Symposium on Large Data Analysis and Visualization (LDAV), pp. 16–25. IEEE (2017)
Li, C.M., Fang, Z., Jiang, H., Xu, K.: Incremental upper bound for the maximum clique problem. INFORMS J. Comput. 30(1), 137–153 (2017)
Li, L., Zhang, K., Yang, S., He, J.: Parallel hybrid genetic algorithm for maximum clique problem on OpenCL. J. Comput. Theoret. Nanosci. 13(6), 3595–3600 (2016)
Malod-Dognin, N., Andonov, R., Yanev, N.: Maximum cliques in protein structure comparison. In: Festa, P. (ed.) SEA 2010. LNCS, vol. 6049, pp. 106–117. Springer, Heidelberg (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-13193-6_10
Marchiori, E.: A simple heuristic based genetic algorithm for the maximum clique problem. In: Symposium on Applied Computing: Proceedings of the 1998 ACM symposium on Applied Computing, vol. 27, pp. 366–373. Citeseer (1998)
Marchiori, E.: Genetic, iterated and multistart local search for the maximum clique problem. In: Cagnoni, S., Gottlieb, J., Hart, E., Middendorf, M., Raidl, G.R. (eds.) EvoWorkshops 2002. LNCS, vol. 2279, pp. 112–121. Springer, Heidelberg (2002). https://doi.org/10.1007/3-540-46004-7_12
Naudé, K.A.: Refined pivot selection for maximal clique enumeration in graphs. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 613, 28–37 (2016)
Östergård, P.R.: A new algorithm for the maximum-weight clique problem. Nord. J. Comput. 8(4), 424–436 (2001)
Park, K., Carter, B.: On the effectiveness of genetic search in combinatorial optimization. In: Proceedings of the 1995 ACM Symposium on Applied Computing, pp. 329–336. ACM (1995)
San Segundo, P., Artieda, J., Strash, D.: Efficiently enumerating all maximal cliques with bit-parallelism. Comput. Oper. Res. 92, 37–46 (2018)
San Segundo, P., Lopez, A., Artieda, J., Pardalos, P.M.: A parallel maximum clique algorithm for large and massive sparse graphs. Optim. Lett. 11(2), 343–358 (2017)
Singh, A., Gupta, A.K.: A hybrid heuristic for the maximum clique problem. J. Heuristics 12(1–2), 5–22 (2006)
Tomita, E., Tanaka, A., Takahashi, H.: The worst-case time complexity for generating all maximal cliques and computational experiments. Theoret. Comput. Sci. 363(1), 28–42 (2006)
Tomita, E., Yoshida, K., Hatta, T., Nagao, A., Ito, H., Wakatsuki, M.: A much faster branch-and-bound algorithm for finding a maximum clique. In: Zhu, D., Bereg, S. (eds.) FAW 2016. LNCS, vol. 9711, pp. 215–226. Springer, Cham (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-39817-4_21
Wang, H., Alidaee, B., Glover, F., Kochenberger, G.: Solving group technology problems via clique partitioning. Int. J. Flex. Manuf. Syst. 18(2), 77–97 (2006)
Wang, Z., et al.: Parallelizing maximal clique and k-plex enumeration over graph data. J. Parallel Distrib. Comput. 106, 79–91 (2017)
Wen, X., et al.: A maximal clique based multiobjective evolutionary algorithm for overlapping community detection. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 21(3), 363–377 (2017)
Yu, T., Liu, M.: A linear time algorithm for maximal clique enumeration in large sparse graphs. Inf. Process. Lett. 125, 35–40 (2017)
Zhang, Q., Sun, J., Tsang, E.: An evolutionary algorithm with guided mutation for the maximum clique problem. IEEE Trans. Evol. Comput. 9(2), 192–200 (2005)
Zhang, S., Wang, J., Wu, Q., Zhan, J.: A fast genetic algorithm for solving the maximum clique problem. In: 2014 10th International Conference on Natural Computation (ICNC), pp. 764–768. IEEE (2014)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Fallah, M.K., Keshvari, V.S., Fazlali, M. (2019). A Parallel Hybrid Genetic Algorithm for Solving the Maximum Clique Problem. In: Grandinetti, L., Mirtaheri, S., Shahbazian, R. (eds) High-Performance Computing and Big Data Analysis. TopHPC 2019. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 891. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_29
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-33495-6_29
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-33494-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-33495-6
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)