Abstract
This article presents a sociological, historical and theological study of the Ahmadiyya Jama’at. Despite the considerable contribution made by the Ahmadi to the life and development of Pakistan as a nation state, and the group’s notable philanthropic and charitable work, the Ahmadiyya Jama’at is fiercely persecuted by other Muslims. This article, after describing the history and beliefs of the Ahmadiyya, and a brief account of the life of the group’s founder Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, considers the reasons for such opposition. Two questions are paramount throughout, namely are the Ahmadi Muslims or a splinter group forming a new faith, and what does the Movement tell us about Muslim identity?
References
3 killed in a blasphemy rampage in Pakistan. (28 July 2014). New York Times. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/29/world/asia/3-pakistanis-die-as-facebook-photo-sets-off-muslim-rampage.html?_r=0. Accessed 31 July 2014.
3 killed in a blasphemy rampage in Pakistan. (28 July 2014). New York Times, op.cit.
Ahmad, G. M. (1989). Jesus in India, being an account of Jesus’ escape from death on the cross and his journey to India, 1899, later translated (p. 66). London: Islam International Publications.
Ahmad, M. G. (1996). A brief sketch of my life (p. 18). Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam.
Ahmadis Muslim Sheikh Says Attacks on Jews “Stain Islam”. (27 November 2014). Arutz Sheva: Israel National news.com. http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/187971#.VVE2EPlViko. Accessed 4 Jan 2015.
Ahmadiyya React to Allegations. (2 February 2015). All Africa.com. op.cit.
Ahmadiyya React to Allegations. (2 February 2015). All Africa.com. http://allafrica.com/stories/201502030968.html. Accessed 10 Feb 2015.
Ahmadiyya React to Allegations. ibid.
Ahmadiyyat: The true Islam, Leaflet printed by the Ahmadiyya Muslim Association UK, Millennium Gift series no. 8, and Invitation to Islam, Millennium Gift series no. 10.
Al-Baseerat. (December 1991). Ahmadis regional magazine, p. 2.
Ali, M. (1984a). Founder of the Ahmadiyya movement, A Short Study of the Life of Mirza Ghulam Ahmad, (p. 33). Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at, Islam.
Ali, M. (1984b). The Ahmadiyya movement (p. 13). Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam.
Al-Tirmizi, one of the six main collections of hadith, Sunan Al-Tirmdhi, online English edition, ahadith.co.uk. http://ahadith.co.uk/sunanaltirmidhi.php. vol. 2, p. 453.
Another Taliban Militant sentenced to Death. (17 January 2015a). World Bulletin. http://www.worldbulletin.net/world/153211/another-taliban-militant-sentenced-to-death. Accessed 30 Jan 2015.
Another Taliban Militant sentenced to Death. (17 January 2015b). World Bulletin, op.cit.
Aziz, Z. (trans.). 1987. The Ahmadiyya case: Case history, judgement and evidence (pp. 24f). Newark: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Isha’at Islam Lahore.
Bangladesh bans Islam sect books. (9 January 2014). BBC News. http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/3382931.stm. Accessed 2 Feb 2014.
Chaudhry, A. A. (1995). The promised Messiah and Mahdi (p. 5). Islamabad: Islam International Publications.
Chaudhry, A. A. (1996). The promised Messiah and Mahdi (p. 7). Islamabad: Islam International Publications.
Dabbous, M. (December 1992). Al-Baseerat Magazine, p. 6.
Dawson, L. L. (2006). Comprehending cults: The sociology of new religious movements. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Chapter two.
Fadil Khan, M. Hadhrat Pir Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif (p. 15). op.cit.
Farid, M. G. (Ed.). (1994). The Holy Quran: Arabic text with English translation and short commentary (p. 900). Islamabad/Surrey: Islam International Publications, Al:Jinn, 72:1–2, fn.
Fatwa issued by the Daily Afaq, Lahore: 8 September 2003 cited by News report, September 2003. The Persecution.org. http://www.thepersecution.org/nr/2003/sep2003.html.
Form C, application for amendment in an existing passport, Embassy of Pakistan, http://www.pakistanembassy.se/forms/htmls/formc.htm. Accessed 14 Mar 2015.
Gregory, S. R., & Valentine, S. R. (May 2009). Pakistan: The situation of religious minorities, UNHCR, Writenet report. http://www.barclays.co.uk/P1242652327568. p. 27.
Gregory, S. R., & Valentine, S. R. Pakistan: The situation of religious minorities, UNHCR, op.cit.
Khalifa of Islam App for iOS. (4 May 2015). Al Islam. https://ukmg42.mail.yahoo.com/neo/launch?.partner=bt1&.rand=cfeem2301n0n1#mail. Accessed 10 May 2015.
Khan, F. (1989). M. Hadhrat Pir Meher Ali Shah of Golra Sharif (3rd ed., p. 15). Lahore.
Khatme Nabuwwat website http://www.khatm-e-nubuwwat.org/. Accessed 12 Feb 2015.
Lau. (2006a). The role of Islam in the legal system of Pakistann.d. (p. 113). op.cit. I have relied heavily on Lau for the writing up of this section of the chapter.
Lau, ibid., p. 113.
Lau, The Role of Islam in the Legal System of Pakistan, ibid. p. 113.
Lau, M. (2006b). The role of Islam in the legal system of Pakistan (p. 113). Leiden: Brill.
MAIS forbids Ahmadiyya worship. (28 April 2009). NUTGraph. http://www.thenutgraph.com/mais-forbids-ahmadiyya-worship/. Accessed 2 May 2009.
Man who murdered Glasgow shopkeeper Asad Shah in sectarian attack jailed. (9 August 2016). The Guardian Newspaper. https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/aug/09/tanveer-ahmed-jailed-for-murder-glasgow-shopkeeper-in-sectarian-attack.
Mawdudi, S. A. (1975). The finality of prophet hood (p. 46). Lahore: Islamic Publications.
Muhammad, H. S. (n.d.). True facts about the Ahmadiyya Movement (p. 41). Lahore: Ahmadiyya Anjuman Ishaat-i-Islam.
NUTGraph, 28 April 2009, op.cit.
Open letter, ‘Mr Prime Minister, do you support religious bigotry? (28 February, 2015). The Express Tribune Blogs, op.cit.
Open letter to the Pakistan Prime Minister by Kashif Chaudhry, ‘Mr Prime Minister, do you support religious bigotry?’ (28 February, 2015). The Express Tribune Blogs. http://blogs.tribune.com.pk/story/26418/mr-prime-minister-do-you-support-religious-bigotry/. Accessed 4 Mar 2015.
Persecution against Ahmadis in Pak increased manifold: Report. (23 May 2014). IBN Live. http://ibnlive.in.com/news/persecution-against-ahmadis-in-pak-increased-manifold-report/473883-2.html. Accessed 28 May 2014.
Poison in the body politic. (26 October 2014). TNS, The News on Sunday. http://tns.thenews.com.pk/poison-in-body-politic-and-the-ahmadis-issue/#.VUVkUvlViko. Accessed 1 Nov 2014.
Poison in the body politic. (26 October 2014). TNS The News on Sunday, op.cit.
Should Dr Aamir Liaquat Hussain Be Charged For Inciting Religious Violence? Ary.News blog, 29 December 2014. http://blogs.arynews.tv/dr-aamir-liaquat-hussain-charged-inciting-religious-violence/. Accessed 31 Dec 2014.
The Memorandum, Islam International Publications, Tilford, Surrey 2003, p. 12.
The Times. (5 September 1984).
The words of an anonymous ISI official, in a private email to the author, 10 April 2015.
US report assails Pakistan over state of “religious freedom”. (3 May 2015). The Kashmir Monitor. http://www.kashmirmonitor.in/news-us-report-assails-pakistan-over-state-of-%E2%80%98religious-freedom%E2%80%99-83584.aspx. Accessed 4 May 2015.
Valentine, S. R. (2008a). Islam & the Ahmadiyya Jama’at: History, belifef, practice (p. 41). London: Hurst & Co.
Valentine, S. R. (2008b). The Ahmadiyya Jama’at: A persecuted sect in Pakistan, briefing paper 875 35, PSR Unit, Peace Studies, Bradford University
Valentine, S. R. (2008c). ibid., (p. 57).
Valentine, S. R. (2008d). Islam & the Ahmadiyya Jama’at: History, belief, practice (p. 139). op.cit.
Valentine, S. R. (2008e). Islam & the Ahmadiyya Jama’at: History, belief, practice (p. 90). op.cit.
Valentine, S. R. (2008f). ibid. (p. 97).
Valentine, S. R. (2008g). ibid. (p. 116).
Valentine, S. R. (2008i). ibid., (p. 230).
Valentine, S. R. (2008j). The Ahmadiyya Jama’at: A persecuted sect in Pakistan, briefing paper 35, PSR Unit, Peace Studies, Bradford University.
Valentine, S. R. (2008k). The Ahmadiyya Jama’at: A persecuted sect in Pakistan, briefing paper 35, PSR Unit, Peace Studies, Bradford University, op.cit.
Valentine, S. R. (2008l). The Ahmadiyya Jama’at: A persecuted sect in Pakistan, op.cit.
Valentine, S. R. (2015). Force & fanaticism: Wahhabism in Saudi Arabia and beyond. London: Hurst & Co, passim.
What does Islam teach about Jesus? Islam Guide.com. Accessed 10 Jan 2015.
Why Moderate Muslims balk at “Je suis Charlie”. (2 February 2015). Jihad Watch. http://www.jihadwatch.org/2015/02/why-moderate-muslims-balk-at-je-suis-charlie. Accessed 21 Feb 2015.
Why Moderate Muslims balk at “Je suis Charlie”. (2 February 2015). Jihad Watch, op.cit.
Zirvi, K. (2002) Welcome to Ahmadiyyat: The true Islam (Ahmadiyya movement in Islam, p. 11). Silver Springs: Islamic Publications.
Zirvi, K. Welcome to Ahmadiyyat: The true Islam (p. 309). op.cit.
Zirvi, K. Welcome to Ahmadiyyat: The true Islam (p. 285). op.cit.
Suggested Readings
Ensor, J. (2007). Rabwah: A place for martyrs. London: Parliamentary Human Rights Group.
Friedmann, Y. (1989). Prophecy continuous: Aspects of Ahmadis religious thought and its medieval background. University of California Press.
Jones, K. W. (1989). Socio-religious reform movements in British India. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lavan, S. (1974). The Ahmadiyah movement: A history and perspective. Delhi: Manohar Book Service.
Valentine, S. R. (2008). Islam & the Ahmadiyya Jama’at: History, belief, practice. London/New York: Hurst & Co/Columbia University Press.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Valentine, S.R. (2021). The Ahmadiyya Jama’at: A Question of Muslim Identity. In: Lukens-Bull, R., Woodward, M. (eds) Handbook of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Lives. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32626-5_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32626-5_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-32625-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-32626-5
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyReference Module Humanities and Social SciencesReference Module Humanities