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Criminal Justice Involvement Among Veterans

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Intersections between Mental Health and Law among Veterans

Abstract

Military veterans make up 8% of the total incarcerated population in the US, and many more veterans are involved in some stage of the criminal justice system. This chapter provides an overview of the extant literature on criminal justice involvement among veterans, with a focus on key differences between justice-involved veterans and their civilian counterparts. Compared to non-veterans, veterans have a lower rate of incarceration, but are more likely to have committed a violent offense. Across multiple contexts, there is a strong association between substance use and mental health problems and justice involvement in veterans, and some evidence that such problems are more common for incarcerated veterans than nonveterans. Research on recidivism risk among justice-involved veterans remains limited, though there are ongoing studies to understand criminogenic risk factors and the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions for recidivism risk in this population. Regarding the impact of justice involvement on employment, lack of education or vocational skills may not be as prominent of a barrier to employment for justice-involved veterans as other justice-involved adults. Conversely, the competing needs associated with mental illness and homelessness may serve as key barriers to employment in the veteran population.

Readiness to react instantly and violently when surprised, a learned skill in training and combat, often comes to haunt and impair veterans in civilian life.

—Jonathan Shay (Achilles in Vietnam, 1995)

Being arrested is the first way of getting help.

(Marine combat veteran in a Veterans Treatment Court. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.com/jansing-co/now-vets-can-get-help-instead-jail-time)

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Abbreviations

BJS:

Bureau of Justice Statistics

HUD-VASH:

Housing and Urban Development-Veterans Affairs Supportive Housing

MRT:

Moral Reconation Therapy

OEF/OIF/OND:

Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom/Operation New Dawn

PTSD:

Posttraumatic stress disorder

R&R:

Reasoning and Rehabilitation

RNR:

Risk-Need-Responsivity

T4C:

Thinking for a Change

TBI:

Traumatic brain injury

US:

United States

VHA:

Veterans Health Administration

VIO-SCAN:

Violence Screening and Assessment of Needs 

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. HSR&D Center for Innovation to Implementation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Daniel M. Blonigen & Christine Timko

  2. Clinical Psychology PhD Program, Palo Alto University, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Daniel M. Blonigen

  3. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA

    Daniel M. Blonigen & Christine Timko

  4. Department of Psychology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ, USA

    Christopher M. King

Authors
  1. Daniel M. Blonigen
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  2. Christopher M. King
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  3. Christine Timko
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Correspondence to Daniel M. Blonigen .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL, USA, Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA

    Jack Tsai

  2. Veterans Benefits Attorney, Loxley Services, and Major U.S. Army Reserve, Gainesville, FL, USA

    Evan R. Seamone

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Blonigen, D.M., King, C.M., Timko, C. (2019). Criminal Justice Involvement Among Veterans. In: Tsai, J., Seamone, E. (eds) Intersections between Mental Health and Law among Veterans. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31664-8_2

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