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The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Paracrine Effectors in Stem Cell-Based Therapies

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Stem Cells

Part of the book series: Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology ((AEMB,volume 1201))

Abstract

Stem cells act in a paracrine manner through the secretion of biologically active cargo that acts on cells locally and systemically. These active molecules include not only soluble factors but also extracellular vesicles (EVs) that have recently emerged as a mechanism of cell-to-cell communication. EVs act as vehicles that transfer molecules between originator and recipient cells, thereby modifying the phenotype and function of the latter. As EVs released from stem cells may successfully activate regenerative processes in injured cells, their application as a form of therapy can be envisaged. EVs exert these proregenerative effects through the modulation of relevant cellular processes including proliferation, angiogenesis, oxidative stress, inflammation, and immunotolerance, among others. In this chapter, we review the preclinical studies that report the effect of stem cell-derived EVs in various pathological models of human disease.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Stefania Bruno, Sharad Kholia, Maria Chiara Deregibus & Giovanni Camussi

  2. 2i3T Scarl, University of Turin, Turin, Italy

    Maria Chiara Deregibus & Giovanni Camussi

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  1. Stefania Bruno
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  2. Sharad Kholia
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  3. Maria Chiara Deregibus
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  4. Giovanni Camussi
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Correspondence to Giovanni Camussi .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Stem Cell Institute at James Graham Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA

    Mariusz Z. Ratajczak

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Bruno, S., Kholia, S., Deregibus, M.C., Camussi, G. (2019). The Role of Extracellular Vesicles as Paracrine Effectors in Stem Cell-Based Therapies. In: Ratajczak, M. (eds) Stem Cells. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 1201. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31206-0_9

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