Abstract
This chapter summarizes the most important water policies implemented in the seven countries considered in the book. It also assesses the progress made by each of the countries on the reforms judged fundamental to avoid water crises and social unrests and ensure water security for a sustainable development. The chapter concludes with a comparison of reforms undertaken worldwide and suggests some urgent measures that would speed up balancing supply and demand. Essentially demand management and cost recovery are judged urgent to undertake and feasible by learning from the successful energy price reforms undertaken in Iran and Oman for instance.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adham, A., Wesseling, J. G., Riksen, M., Ouessar, M., & Ritsema, C. J. (2016). A water harvesting model for optimizing rainwater harvesting in the wadi Oum Zessar watershed, Tunisia. Agricultural Water Management, 176(2016), 191–202. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.06.003.
Ait Kadi, M., & Ziyad, A. (2018). Integrated water resources Management in Morocco. Chapter 6. In Global water security (pp. 143–163). Singapore: Springer.
Albiac, J. (2017). Review of the political economy of water reforms in Agriculture (Working document 17/01). Department of Agricultural Economics. Agrifood Research and Technology Center. Zaragoza. Spain. 26 pages.
Antonelli, M., Laio, F., & Tamea, S. (2017). Water resources, food security and the role of virtual water trade in the MENA region. In Environmental change and human security in Africa and the Middle East (pp. 199–217). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
Boughanmi, H., & Khan, M. A. (2019). Welfare and distributional effects of the energy subsidy reform in the Gulf cooperation council countries: The case of Sultanate of Oman. International Journal of Energy, 9(1), 228–236.
Breisinger, C., Al-Riffai, P., Robertson, R., & Wiebelt, M. (2013). Economic impacts of climate change in Tunisia: A global and local perspective. In D. Verner (Ed.), Tunisia in a changing climate: Assessment and actions for increased resilience and development (pp. 59–77). Washington, DC: World Bank.
Britton, T. C., Stewart, R. A., & O’Halloran, K. R. (2013). Smart metering: Enabler for rapid and effective post meter leakage identification and water loss management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 54(2013), 166–176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2013.05.018.
Brooks, D. B., Rached, E., & Saade, M. E. (1997). Management of water demand in Africa and the Middle East: Current practices and future needs. In Introduction (pp. 1–10). Ottawa: International Development Research Centre.
Cousin, E., Kawamura, A. G., & Rosegrant, M. W. (2019, March). From scarcity to security: Managing water for a nutritious food future. The Chicago Council on Global Affairs.
Gleick, P. H, Yolles, P., Hatami, H. (1994, April). Water, war & peace in the Middle East. Environment, 36(3), 6.
Gilmont, M. (2015). Water resource decoupling in the MENA through food trade as a mechanism for circumventing national water scarcity. Food Security, 7(6), 1113–1131.
Jägerskog, A., & Kim, K. (2016). Land acquisition: A means to mitigate water scarcity and reduce conflict? Hydrological Sciences Journal, 61(7), 1338–1345. https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2015.1052452.
Krane, J. (2018). Political enablers of energy subsidy reform in middle eastern oil exporters. Nature Energy, 3, 547–552.
Mubarak, J. A. (1998). Mubarak Middle East and North Africa: Development policy in view of a narrow agricultural natural resource base. World Development, 26(5), 877–895. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(98)00015-1.
Muscat Daily. (2017, January 23). Fuel sales drop as motorists shift focus to optimizing cost.
Nin-Pratt, A., El-Enbaby, H., Figueroa, J. L., ElDidi, H., & Breisinger, C. (2018). Agriculture and economic transformation in the Middle East and North Africa: A review of the past with lessons for the future. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). orcid.org/0000-0001-9144-2127.
Salleh, S. A. A., & Taher, M. T. (2012). Rooftop rainwater harvesting in modern cities: A case study for Sana’a City, Yemen. Journal of Science & Technology, 17(2), 48–68.
Sønderlund, A. L., Smith, J. R., Hutton, C. J., Kapelan, Z., & Savic, D. (2016). Effectiveness of smart meter-based consumption feedback in curbing household water use: Knowns and unknowns. Journal of Water Resources Planning and Management, 142(12), 04016060.
World Bank. (2007). Making the Most of scarcity accountability for better water management results in the Middle East and North Africa (p. 270).
World Bank. (2017). Beyond scarcity: Water security in the Middle East and North Africa (p. 199). https://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1144-9.
Zekri, S., Madani, K., Bazargan-Lari, M., Kotagama, H., & Kalbus, E. (2017). Feasibility of adopting smart water meters in aquifer management: An integrated hydro-economic analysis. Agricultural Water Management, 181, 85–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2016.11.022.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zekri, S. (2020). The Water Sector in MENA Region: The Way Forward. In: Zekri, S. (eds) Water Policies in MENA Countries. Global Issues in Water Policy, vol 23. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29274-4_9
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29274-4_9
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-29273-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-29274-4
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)