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The Mule Deer of Arid Zones

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Ecology and Conservation of Tropical Ungulates in Latin America

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Abstract

Odocoileus hemionus species occurs throughout western North America and its southernmost distribution reaches central Mexico, where the historical boundary is not very clear. In this chapter, we present information about its origin and geographic distribution, mainly concerning to mule deer lineage (O. h. crooki, eremicus, fuliginatus, peninsulae, cerrosensis and sheldoni) that are distributed in the arid zones of Mexico. Many biological and ecological aspects of mule deer have been widely studied in the southwestern USA, but in Mexico few studies have been done in arid lands (e.g. its diet, population, genetics), so we present a compilation of the information that is currently available for the species in these regions. A synthesis about the characteristics of the three most important habitat requirements (food, water and cover) that can become limiting factors for mule deer populations in arid zones is presented here; these habitat components have only been estimated in some occasions in Mexico. The quality and availability of these requirements are highly affected by overgrazing, and it has put the survival of many deer populations at risk. The mule deer is classified as one of the species of least concern in terms of conservation, although its populations and distribution areas have been reduced, even with some local extinctions. Mule deer provide an excellent example of the need to evaluate species at the regional and national levels to arrive at a more realistic classification of their conservation status.

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Acknowledgments

Adriana Sandoval-Comte provided support with the Geographic Information Systems for the map. Bianca Delfosse translated parts of the manuscript and revised the English.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, México

    Sonia Gallina-Tessaro, Luz A. Pérez-Solano & Luis García-Feria

  2. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Pachuca, México

    Gerardo Sánchez-Rojas

  3. Research and Management, Wild Forest Consulting, S.C., Huitchila, México

    Dante Hernández-Silva

  4. Departamento de Ecología y Recursos naturales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México

    Juan Pablo Esparza-Carlos

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  1. Sonia Gallina-Tessaro
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  2. Luz A. Pérez-Solano
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  3. Luis García-Feria
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  4. Gerardo Sánchez-Rojas
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Correspondence to Sonia Gallina-Tessaro .

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  1. Red de Biología y Conservación de Vertebrados, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico

    Sonia Gallina-Tessaro

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Gallina-Tessaro, S., Pérez-Solano, L.A., García-Feria, L., Sánchez-Rojas, G., Hernández-Silva, D., Esparza-Carlos, J.P. (2019). The Mule Deer of Arid Zones. In: Gallina-Tessaro, S. (eds) Ecology and Conservation of Tropical Ungulates in Latin America. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28868-6_14

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