Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Principles for Successful Employment Integration of People with HF-ASD

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Autism in Adulthood

Part of the book series: Autism and Child Psychopathology Series ((ACPS))

  • 2285 Accesses

Abstract

This chapter discusses integration into the world of employment among people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). In particular, it considers those who received diagnoses of High-Functioning ASD (HF-ASD) or Asperger’s syndrome. This sub-population is characterized by normal intelligence with no significant cognitive delay (Noterdaeme, Wriedt, & Höhne, 2010). The chapter reviews the literature and research on HF-ASD as it relates to employment; presents several case studies of programs that assist people with HF-ASD achieve and maintain employment; delineates principles of support for successful employment; and gives recommendations towards enacting these principles in the field.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 69.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 89.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2000). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Arnett, J. J. (2000). Emerging adulthood: A theory of development from the late teens through the twenties. American Psychologist, 55(5), 469–480.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin, S., Costley, D., & Warren, A. (2014). Employment activities and experiences of adults with high-functioning autism and Asperger’s disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(10), 2440–2449. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2112-z.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. New York: W.H. Freeman.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bauminger, Z. N. (2013). Social and academic abilities in children with high-functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Betz, N. E. (2001). Career self-efficacy. In F. T. L. Leong & A. Barak (Eds.), Contemporary models in vocational psychology: A honor of Samuel H. Osipow (pp. 55–77). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

    Google Scholar 

  • Briel, L. W., & Getzel, E. E. (2014). In their own words: The career planning experiences of college students with ASD. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 40(3), 195–202. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-140684.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Brooke, V., Brooke, A. M., Schall, C., Wehman, P., McDonough, J., Thompson, K., & Smith, J. (2018). Employees with Autism Spectrum Disorder achieving long-term employment success: A retrospective review of employment retention and intervention. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, 43(3), 181–193. https://doi.org/10.1177/1540796918783202.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Carkom, S., & Aviv, L. (2018). Three-four and to work: A rehabilitation, systemic and clinical point of view over the accompanying career and vocational of adults on the autism spectrum. Psychoactualia, 72, 33–42.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chappel, S. L., & Somers, B. C. (2010). Employing persons with autism spectrum disorders: A collaborative effort. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 32(2), 117–124. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-2010-0501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen, J. L., Leader, G., Sung, S., & Leahy, M. (2015). Trends in employment for individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A review of the research literature. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 2(2), 115–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40489-014-0041-6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chiang, H. M., Cheung, Y. K., Li, H., & Tsai, L. Y. (2013). Factors associated with participation in employment for high school leavers with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43, 8 (1832–1842). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1734-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cole, P. M., Martin, S. E., & Dennis, T. A. (2004). Emotion regulation as a scientific construct: Methodological challenges and directions for child development research. Child Development, 75(2), 317–333. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00673.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Croen, L. A., Zerbo, O., Qian, Y., Massolo, M. L., Rich, S., Sidney, S., & Kripke, C. (2015). The health status of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism: The International Journal of Research and Practice, 19(7), 814–823. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315577517.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Davis, T. E., Moree, B. N., Dempsey, T., Reuther, E. T., Fodstad, J. C., Hess, J. A., … Matson, J. (2011). The relationship between autism spectrum disorders and anxiety: The moderating effect of communication. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 5(1), 324–329. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2010.04.015.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Faroy, M., Meiri, G., & Arbelle, S. (2016). DSM-5 and autism: Diagnostic changes and clinical implications in early childhood. Harefuah, 155(5), 291–295 [in Hebrew].

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Villamisar, D., & Hughes, C. (2007). Supported employment improves cognitive performance in adults with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 51, 142–150. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00854.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garcia-Villamisar, D., Wehman, P., & Navarro, M. D. (2002). Changes in the quality of autistic people’s life that work in supported and sheltered employment. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 17(4), 309–312.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gerhardt, P. F., & Lanier, I. (2011). Addressing the needs of adolescents and adults with autism: A crisis on the horizon. Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy, 41(1), 37–45. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10879-010-9160-2.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaziuddin, M., Ghaziuddin, N., & Greden, J. (2002). Depression in persons with autism: Implications for research and clinical care. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 32(4), 299–306. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016330802348.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ghaziuddin, M., & Zafar, S. (2008). Psychiatric comorbidity of adults with autism spectrum disorders. Clinical Neuropsychiatry, 5(1), 9–12.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gillott, A., & Standen, P. J. (2007). Levels of anxiety and sources of stress in adults with autism. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 11(4), 359–370. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629507083585.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Grandin, T. (1999). Choosing the right job with autism or Asperger’s syndrome. Autism Research Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Griffiths, A. J., Giannantonio, C. M., Hurley-Hanson, A. E., & Cardinal, D. N. (2016). Autism in the workplace: Assessing the transition needs of young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Business and Management, 22(1), 5–22.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gross, J. J. (2015). Handbook of emotional regulation. New York: Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harmuth, E., Silletta, E., Bailey, A., Adams, T., Beck, C., & Barbic, S. P. (2018). Barriers and facilitators to employment for adults with autism: A scoping review. Annals of International Occupational Therapy, 1(1), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.3928/24761222-20180212-01.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hedley, D., Cai, R., Uljarevic, M., Wilmot, M., Spoor, J. R., Richdale, A., & Dissanayake, C. (2017). Transition to work: Perspectives from the autism spectrum. Autism, 22(5), 528–541. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316687697.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hedley, D., Uljarevic, M., Cameron, L., Halder, S., Richdale, A., & Dissanayake, C. (2016). Employment programs and interventions targeting adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A systematic review of the literature. Autism, 21(8), 929–941. https://doi.org/10.1077/1362361316661855.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, D. (2010). Employment and adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Challenges and strategies for success. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 32, 125–134. https://doi.org/10.3233/JVR-2010-0502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendricks, D. R., & Wehman, P. (2009). Transition from school to adulthood for youth with autism spectrum disorders: Review and recommendations. Focus on Autism and Developmental Disability, 24, 77–88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088357608329827.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hendrickx, S. (2015). Women and girls with autism spectrum disorder: Understanding life experiences from early childhood to old age. London, UK: Jessica Kingsley Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Henninger, N., & Taylor, J. (2012). Outcomes in adults with autism spectrum disorders: A historical perspective. Autism, 17, 103–116. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361312441266.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Herr, E. L., Cramer, S. H., & Niles, S. G. (2004). Career guidance and counseling through the lifespan: Systematic approaches (6th ed.). Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, A., Campbell, H., Mastriani, K., Izzo, M. V., Kool-Tucker, A. K., Cherry, L., & Beversdorf, D. Q. (2007). Two-year evaluation of a vocational support program for adults on the autism spectrum. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 30(1), 35–47. https://doi.org/10.1177/08857288070300010501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hillier, A., & Galizzi, M. (2014). Employment outcomes for young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Review of Disability Studies, 10, 69–81.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hofvander, B., Delorme, R., Chaste, P., Nydén, A., Wentz, E., Ståhlberg, O., … Råstam, M. (2009). Psychiatric and psychosocial problems in adults with normal-intelligence autism spectrum disorders. BMC Psychiatry, 9(1), 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244X-9-35.

  • Holwerda, A., van der Klink, J. J. L., Groothoff, J. W., & Brouwer, S. (2012). Predictors for work participation in individuals with an autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 22, 333–352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10926-011-9347-8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howlin, P. (2000). Outcome in adult life for more able individuals with autism or Asperger’s syndrome. Autism, 4, 63–83. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361300004001005.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Howlin, P. (2003). Outcome in high functioning adults with autism with and without early language delays: Implications for the differentiation between autism and Asperger’s syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33, 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022270118899.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Howlin, P., Goode, S., Hutton, J., & Rutter, M. (2004). Adult outcome for children with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 45, 212–229. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2004.00215.x.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hurlbutt, K., & Chalmers, L. (2002). Adults with autism speak out: Perceptions of their life experiences. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 17(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576020170020501.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hurlbutt, K., & Chalmers, L. (2004). Employment and adults with Asperger syndrome. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 19(4), 215–222. https://doi.org/10.1177/10883576040190040301.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Joshi, G., Wozniak, J., Petty, C., Martelon, M. K., Fried, R., Bolfek, A., … Caruso, J. (2013). Psychiatric comorbidity and functioning in a clinically referred population of adults with autism spectrum disorders: A comparative study. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 43(6), 1314–1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-012-1679-5.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Karl, Z., Gavi, A., & Aloni, T. (2016). Not all classifications are born equal: Examination of the premium in wages and the acquisition of higher education as a function of the field of study. Israel Ministry of Finance—Office of the Chief Scientist.

    Google Scholar 

  • King, B. H., Veenstra-VanderWeele, J., & Lord, C. (2013). DSM-5 and autism: Kicking the tires and making the grade. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(5), 454–457. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.02.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kirchner, J. C., & Dziobek, I. (2014). Towards successful employment of adults with autism: A first analysis of special interests and factors deemed important for vocational performance. Scandinavian Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2(2), 77–85.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Kulage, K. M., Smaldone, A. M., & Cohn, E. G. (2014). How will DSM-5 affect autism diagnosis? A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(8), 1918–1932. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-014-2065-2.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kuusikko, S., Pollock-Wurman, R., Jussila, K., Carter, A. S., Mattila, M. L., Ebeling, H., … Moilanen, I. (2008). Social anxiety in high-functioning children and adolescents with autism and Asperger syndrome. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 38(9), 1697–1709. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0555-9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lai, M. C., Lombardo, M. V., Chakrabarti, B., & Baron-Cohen, S. (2013). Subgrouping the autism “spectrum”: Reflections on DSM-5. PLoS Biology, 11(4), e1001544. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.1001544.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lawer, L., Brusilovskiy, E., Salzer, M. S., & Mandell, D. S. (2009). Use of vocational rehabilitative services among adults with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 39, 487–494. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-008-0649-4.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Leung, S. A. (2008). The big five career theories. In J. A. Athanasou & R. van Esbroeck (Eds.), International handbook of career guidance (pp. 115–132). Dordrecht, Netherlands: Springer.

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Lever, A. G., & Geurts, H. M. (2016). Psychiatric co-occurring symptoms and disorders in young, middle-aged, and older adults with autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 46(6), 1916–1930. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-016-2722-8.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Lizotte, M. C. (2016). A phenomenological study of vocational experiences in adult college graduates with autism spectrum disorders. East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • López, B., & Keenan, L. (2014). Barriers to employment in autism: Future challenges to implementing the adult autism strategy. Autism Research Network. Retrieved from http://www.autismrpphub.org/sites/default/files/articles/employment_report.pdf.

  • Lorenz, T., Frischling, C., Cuadros, R., & Heinitz, K. (2016). Autism and overcoming job barriers: Comparing job-related barriers and possible solutions in and outside of autism-specific employment. PLoS ONE, 11(1), e0147040. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0147040.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Maddy, L. M., Cannon, J. G., & Lichtenberger, E. J. (2015). The effects of social support on self-esteem, self-efficacy, and job search efficacy in the unemployed. Journal of Employment Counseling, 52(2), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1002/joec.12007.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mannion, A., & Leader, G. (2013). Comorbidity in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A literature review. Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 7(12), 1595–1616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rasd.2013.09.006.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Mawhood, L., & Howlin, P. (1999). The outcome of a supported employment scheme for high-functioning adults with autism or Asperger syndrome. Autism, 3(3), 229–254. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361399003003003.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Migliore, A., Timmons, J., Butterworth, J., & Lugas, J. (2012). Predictors of employment and postsecondary education of youth with autism. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 55(3), 176–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/0034355212438943.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moynihan, L. M., Roehling, M. V., LePine, M. A., & Boswell, W. R. (2003). A longitudinal study of the relationships among job search self-efficacy, job interviews, and employment outcomes. Journal of Business and Psychology, 18(2), 207–233. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1027349115277.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Nasamran, A., Witmer, S. E., & Los, J. E. (2017). Exploring predictors of postsecondary outcomes for students with autism spectrum disorder. Education and Training in Autism and Developmental Disabilities, 52(4), 343–356.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L., Wagner, M., Cameto, R., Knokey, A. M., & Shaver, D. (2010). Comparisons across time of the outcomes of youth with disabilities up to four years after high school: A report of findings from the National Longitudinal Transition Study (NLTS) and the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). NCSER 2010-3008. National Center for Special Education Research, 163, 1–24.

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman, L., Wagner, M., Knokey, A. M., Marder, C., Nagle, K., Shaver, D., & Wei, X. (2011). The post-high school outcomes of young adults with disabilities up to 8 years after high school: A report from the National Longitudinal Transition Study-2 (NLTS2). NCSER 2011-3005. National Center for Special Education Research. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED524044.

  • Nicholas, D. B., Hodgetts, S., & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2016). Research needs and priorities for transition and employment in autism: Considerations reflected in a ‘Special Interest Group’ at the International Meeting for Autism Research. Autism Research, 10(1), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1002/aur.1683.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Noterdaeme, M., Wriedt, E., & Höhne, C. (2010). Asperger’s syndrome and high-functioning autism: Language, motor and cognitive profiles. European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 19, 475–481. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-009-0057-0.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Ohl, A., Grice Sheff, M., Small, S., Nguyen, J., Paskor, K., & Zanjirian, A. (2017). Predictors of employment status among adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Work, 56(2), 345–355. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-172492.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roux, A. M., Shattuck, P. T., Cooper, B. P., Anderson, K. A., Wagner, M., & Narendorf, S. C. (2013). Postsecondary employment experiences among adults with an Autism Spectrum Disorder. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 52(9), 931–939. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.05.019.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Roy, M., Prox-Vagedes, V., Ohlmeier, M. D., & Dillo, W. (2015). Beyond childhood: Psychiatric comorbidities and social background of adults with Asperger syndrome. Psychiatria Danubina, 27(1), 50–59.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Schall, C. M., Wehman, P., Brooke, V., Graham, C., McDonough, J., Brooke, A., … Allen, J. (2015). Employment interventions for individuals with ASD: The relative efficacy of supported employment with or without prior Project SEARCH training. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 45(12), 3990–4001. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2426-5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, M., Falkmer, M., Girdler, S., & Falkmer, T. (2015). Viewpoints on factors for successful employment for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder. PLoS ONE, 10(10), e0139281. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone0139281.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Scott, M., Milbourn, B., Falkmer, M., Black, M., Bӧlte, S., Halladay, A., … Girdler, S. (2018). Factors impacting employment for people with autism spectrum disorder: A scoping review. Autism, 23(4), 869–901. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361318787789.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seitz, S. R., & Smith, S. A. (2016). Working toward neurodiversity: How organizations and leaders can accommodate for autism spectrum disorder. Journal of Business and Management, 22(1), 135–152.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shattuck, P., Narendorf, S., Cooper, B., Sterzing, P., Wagner, M., & Taylor, J. (2012). Postsecondary education and employment among youth with an autism spectrum disorder. Pediatrics, 6, 1042–1049. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2864.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. L., & Mailick, M. (2014). A longitudinal examination of 10-year change in vocational and educational activities for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Developmental Psychology, 50(3), 699–708. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034297.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. L., & Seltzer, M. M. (2011). Employment and post-secondary educational activities for young adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders during the transition to adulthood. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 566–574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1070-3.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Taylor, J. L., Smith, L. E., & Mailick, M. R. (2014). Engagement in vocational activities promotes behavioral development for adults with autism spectrum disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(6), 1447–1460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-2010-9.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Test, D. W., Mazzotti, V. K., Mustian, A. K., Fowler, C. H., Kortering, L., & Kohler, P. (2009). Evidence-based secondary transition predictors for improving postschool outcomes for students with disabilities. Career Development for Exceptional Individuals, 32, 160–181. https://doi.org/10.1177/0885728809346960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Test, D. W., Smith, L. E., & Carter, E. W. (2014). Equipping youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders for adulthood: Promoting rigor, relevance, and relationships. Remedial and Special Education, 35(2), 80–90. https://doi.org/10.1177/0741932513514857.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • van Steensel, F. J. A., & Heeman, E. J. (2017). Anxiety levels in children with autism spectrum disorder: A meta-analysis. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26(7), 1753–1767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0687-7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vogeley, K., Kirchner, J. C., Gawronski, A., Tebartz van Elst, L., & Dziobek, I. (2013). Toward the development of a supported employment program for individuals with high-functioning autism in Germany. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 263(2), S197–S203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406-013-0455-7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wanberg, C. R. (2012). The individual experience of unemployment. Annual Review of Psychology, 63, 369–396. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-120710-100500.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wanberg, C. R., Zhu, J., Kanfer, R., & Zhang, Z. (2012). After the pink slip: Applying dynamic motivation frameworks to the job search. Academy of Management Journal, 55(2), 261–284. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2010.0157.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehman, P., Brooke, V., Brooke, A. M., Ham, W. Schall, C., McDonough, J., … Avellone, L. (2016). Employment for adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A retrospective review of a customized employment approach. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 53, 61–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.01.015.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wehman, P., Schall, C. M., McDonough, J., Graham, C., Brooke, V., Riehle, J. E., … Avellone, L. (2017). Effects of an employer-based intervention on employment outcomes for youth with significant support needs due to autism. Autism, 21(3), 276–290. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316635826.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wehman, P. H., Schall, C. M., McDonough, J., Kregel, J., Brooke, V., Molinelli, A., … Thiss, W. (2014). Competitive employment for youth with autism spectrum disorders: Early results from a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(3), 487–500. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-013-1892-x.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wehman, P., Schall, C., McDonough, J., Sima, A., Brooke, A., Ham, W., … Riehle, E. (2019). Competitive employment for transition-aged youth with significant impact from autism: A multi-site randomized clinical trial. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-019-03940-2.

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. EFFIE: The Israel Asperger and HFASD Organization, Jerusalem, Israel

    Arie Syvan

  2. Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel

    Shiri Pearlman-Avnion

Authors
  1. Arie Syvan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Shiri Pearlman-Avnion
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Arie Syvan .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kishurim Clinic, Argov, Jerusalem, Israel

    Susan Lowinger

  2. Tel Hai College, Upper Galilee, Israel

    Shiri Pearlman-Avnion

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Syvan, A., Pearlman-Avnion, S. (2019). Principles for Successful Employment Integration of People with HF-ASD. In: Lowinger, S., Pearlman-Avnion, S. (eds) Autism in Adulthood. Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28833-4_7

Download citation

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation