Metastatic Bone Carcinoma

Abstract

Metastatic bone carcinoma is a growth of malignant cells in the bone originating from a primary tumor elsewhere. The lung, the liver, and the skeleton are the most involved sites of a metastatic process. It is found most frequently in the older population and is rare in the pediatric age group. The bones most frequently involved by metastatic tumors are the skull, spine, rib, pelvis, humerus, and femur. There is a known predilection for areas containing red marrow. Single or multiple lesions can be found, which can be sclerotic, lytic, or both. The primary carcinomas that most commonly metastasize in bone are breast, prostate, lung, kidney, and gastrointestinal carcinomas. Ancillary techniques, especially immunohistochemistry, are useful to diagnose the primary lesion. The combination of surgical procedures with radiation and/or other therapies can be of value when managing metastatic carcinomas involving the bones.