Abstract
This paper addresses issues of mass migration and the integration of migrants into higher education. The 2015–2016 ‘refugee crisis’ marks a turning point in the current period: it has many consequences – political, social and cultural – for the whole of Europe, as well as for higher education. Issues are often associated with concepts such as access to and participation in higher education, but often have a deeper dimension.
By focusing on two concepts, mobility and migration, this chapter shows how the value dimension of some of the main categories of the European Higher Education Area (EHEA) may change or become controversial. This trend is illustrated with some examples from everyday life which relate to the ‘refugee crisis’ and reflect the value and ideological shifts that are visible in particular in today’s populist discourses and can also affect the changing attitudes towards education and the understanding of the role of education in society. In the concluding section the author draws attention to the challenges and opportunities to be addressed by higher education policy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Arendt, H. (1994 [1943]). We refugees. In M. Robinson (Ed.), Altogether elsewhere. Writers on exile (pp. 110–120). Boston: Faber & Faber.
Bologna Process. (1999, June 19). The European higher education area. Joint Declaration of the European Ministers of Education. Convened in Bologna.
Bologna Process. (2007a, May 18). Towards the European higher education area: Responding to challenges in a globalised world. London Communiqué.
Bologna Process. (2007b, September). European higher education in a global setting. A strategy. Oslo: Norwegian Ministry of Education and Research.
Bologna Process. (2009, April 28–29). The Bologna Process 2020 – The European higher education area in the new decade. Communiqué of the Conference of European Ministers Responsible for Higher Education, Leuven and Louvain-la-Neuve.
Convention on the recognition of qualifications concerning higher education in the European region [Lisbon Recognition Convention]. (1997). http://conventions.coe.int/Treaty/en/reports/html/165.htm. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
Council Decision of 15 June 1987 adopting the European Community Action Scheme for the Mobility of University Students (ERASMUS)(87/327/EEC). (1987). Official Journal of the European Communities, 25 June 1987.
De Haene, L., Neumann, E., & Pataki, G. (2018). Refugees in Europe: Educational policies and practices as spaces of hospitality? European Educational Research Journal, 17(2), 211–218. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904118762825.
Delo. (2016, February 23). Kranjčane zaradi begunskih otrok brez staršev zagrabila histerija [For children without parents citizens of Kranj have been caught by hysteria]. http://www.delo.si/novice/slovenija/kranjcane-zaradi-begunskih-otrok-brez-starsev-zagrabila-histerija.html. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
Dervin, F. (Ed.). (2011). Analysing the consequences of academic mobility and migration. Newcastle upon Tyne: Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Essomba, M. A., Tarrés, A., & Franco-Guillén, N. (2017, February). Research for cult committee – Migrant education: Monitoring and assessment. Study. Brussels: European Parliament. http://www.europarl.europa.eu/supporting-analyses. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
European Commission. (2016). Higher education for migrants and refugees. http://ec.europa.eu/education/policy/migration/higher-education-refugees. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
European University Association – EUA. (2018). Refugees welcome map. An inventory of higher education supporting refugees. http://www.eua.be/activities-services/eua-campaigns/refugees-welcome-map. Accessed 28 Dec 2018.
Geddens, A., & Scholten, P. (2016). The politics of migration and immigration in Europe. London/ Thousand Oaks: SAGE Publications.
Greenhill, K. M. (2016). Open arms behind barred doors: Fear, hypocrisy and policy schizophrenia in the European migration crisis. European Law Journal, 22(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/eulj.12179.
Jungblut, J., & Pietkiewicz, K. (Eds.). (2017, April). Refugees welcome? Recognition of qualifications held by refugees and their access to higher education in Europe – Country analyses. Brussels: European Students’ Union (ESU).
Kurki, T., Masoud, A., Niemi, A.-M., & Brunila, K. (2018). Integration becoming business: Marketisation of integration training for immigrants. European Educational Research Journal, 17(2), 233–247. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474904117721430.
Migration Data Portal. (2018). Types of migration – International students. https://migrationdataportal.org/themes/international-students. Accessed 28 Dec 2018.
OECD. (2015, September). Is this humanitarian migration crisis different? Migration Policy Debates, No. 7. www.oecd.org/migration. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
Robertson, S., & Komljenovic, J. (2016). Unbundling and making higher education markets. In A. Verger, C. Lubienski, & G. Steiner Kamsi (Eds.), World yearbook in education: Global education industry (pp. 211–227). London: Routledge.
Teichler, U. (2011). Bologna – Motor or stumbling block for the mobility and employability of graduates? In H. Schomburg & U. Teichler (Eds.), Employability and mobility of bachelor graduates in Europe. Key results of the Bologna process (pp. 3–41). Rotterdam: Sense.
UNESCO. (2017, May 31). Aid to education is stagnating and not going to countries most in need. Policy Paper. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0024/002495/249568e.pdf. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
United Nations Children’s Fund. (2014). Migration and youth: Challenges and opportunities. The Global Migration Group by the United Nations Children’s Fund. http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0022/002277/227720e.pdf. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
Žurnal24.si. (2016, February 23). Mladoletnih beguncev v dijaškem domu nočejo [The boarding school do not want the juvenile refugees]. http://www.zurnal24.si/slovenija/mladoletnih-beguncev-v-dijaskem-domu-nocejo-265690. Accessed 6 Sept 2016.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2020 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Zgaga, P. (2020). Mobility and Migration: Freedom and Threat?. In: Slowey, M., Schuetze, H.G., Zubrzycki, T. (eds) Inequality, Innovation and Reform in Higher Education. Lifelong Learning Book Series, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28227-1_19
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-28227-1_19
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-28226-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-28227-1
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)