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Metal Fluoride and Fluorinated Metal Oxide Aerogels

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Springer Handbook of Aerogels

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Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of work done on inorganic aerogels in which oxygen is largely or completely replaced by fluorine, i.e., highly fluorinated metal oxide aerogels and metal fluoride aerogels. First, we review the fluorination of metal oxide aerogels. The course of fluorination in alumina (Al2O3) and chromia (Cr2O3) aerogels was markedly different. The Al2O3 aerogels were readily converted to the corresponding fluoride, but the initial aerogel structure was completely lost due to the formation of bulk crystalline fluoride. On the other hand, fluorination of Cr2O3 aerogels was limited, and the bulk structure of the precursor oxide aerogel remained largely unchanged. In neither case could bulk stoichiometric fluoride aerogels be obtained. Second, we review the production of metal fluoride aerogels by fluorolysis and by nanoparticle assembly. The recent introduction of the fluorolytic sol–gel synthesis opened new opportunities for the preparation of all-fluoride aerogels. Solvothermal treatment of fluorolytically derived liquid precursors enabled the first direct preparation of AlF3-based aerogels, representing a new class of inorganic aerogels. This class of aerogels was lately supplemented by monolithic GdF3-based aerogels derived from nanoparticulate rare earth fluorides. The preparation procedures that were developed within these studies pave the way not only to new types of inorganic aerogels but also to inorganic fluorides with a defined shape, size, and uniformity of constituent nanoparticles.

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Acknowledgments

A substantial part of the research presented here was funded by the European Union under contracts ENV4-CT97-0601 and NMP3-CT-2004-505575 (FUNFLUOS project) and by the Slovenian Research Agency (ARRS) through the research program P1-0045 Inorganic Chemistry and Technology. The author is also indebted to Prof. Dr. Erhard Kemnitz for his many years of support and help, as well as to numerous members of the Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, and to some other members of the Jožef Stefan Institute who participated in this research.

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  1. Department of Inorganic Chemistry and Technology, Jožef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia

    Tomaž Skapin

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  1. Tomaž Skapin
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Correspondence to Tomaž Skapin .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Bottens, Switzerland

    Michel A. Aegerter

  2. Research and Development, Aspen Aerogels, Inc., Northborough, MA, USA

    Nicholas Leventis

  3. Siloxene AG, Dübendorf, Switzerland

    Matthias Koebel

  4. Aerogel Technologies, LLC, Boston, MA, USA

    Stephen A. Steiner III

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Skapin, T. (2023). Metal Fluoride and Fluorinated Metal Oxide Aerogels. In: Aegerter, M.A., Leventis, N., Koebel, M., Steiner III, S.A. (eds) Springer Handbook of Aerogels. Springer Handbooks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27322-4_39

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