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Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms

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The Thorax

Part of the book series: Cancer Dissemination Pathways ((CDP))

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Abstract

Pulmonary neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of tumors of the neuroendocrine cells, which are diffusely interspersed throughout the respiratory system. Two families of NEN are established according to histological grading: the well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and the high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs). Four types of NEN are recognized, including two NETs represented by typical carcinoid (TC) and atypical carcinoid (AC) and two NECs represented by large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) and small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC).

These malignancies show different morphological, immunohistochemical, molecular, and imaging features. Such heterogeneity is reflected by extremely different clinical and biological behaviors, ranging from the indolent course of TC to the highly aggressive behavior of SCLC.

This chapter provides a detailed overview on the epidemiologic and histologic features of the pulmonary NENs, including staging, prognostic, and therapeutic aspects. Noteworthy, the chapter will focus on imaging characteristics of NENs, with detailed description of thoracic (local and nodal involvement) and extrathoracic diffusion pathways.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia – Istituto di Radiologia, Rome, Italy

    Anna Rita Larici, Giuseppe Cicchetti, Giulia D’Ambra, Rosa D’Abronzo & Riccardo Manfredi

  2. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS – Dipartimento Diagnostica per Immagini, Radioterapia Oncologica ed Ematologia, Rome, Italy

    Annemilia del Ciello, Lucio Calandriello & Alessandra Farchione

  3. Fondazione Policlinico Universitario “A. Gemelli” IRCCS – Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore – Dipartimento Scienze della Salute della Donna e del Bambino e di Sanità Pubblica – Istituto di Anatomia Patologica, Rome, Italy

    Guido Rindi

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    Nicola Sverzellati

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    Mario Silva

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Larici, A.R. et al. (2020). Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Neoplasms. In: Sverzellati, N., Silva, M. (eds) The Thorax. Cancer Dissemination Pathways. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27233-3_5

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