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Malignant

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The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology

Abstract

This chapter focusses on the constellation of specific cytological features required to make a malignant diagnosis and describes the features that indicate or suggest the diagnosis of breast cancer subtypes. The positive predictive value of categorising a smear as malignant should approach 100%, and while no single feature is diagnostic of malignancy, the chapter emphasises the need to consider all the key diagnostic features, in conjunction with the imaging and clinical findings in the triple test. The specific primary breast cancer subtypes include carcinoma of no special type and invasive lobular, tubular, mucinous, micropapillary, metaplastic, secretory, clear cell, adenoid cystic and neuroendocrine carcinomas. The differential diagnoses for all these carcinomas are discussed in detail. Although controversial, the features that may suggest invasion or suggest high-grade ductal carcinoma in situ are discussed. A management plan is presented, including the different options that may be used in limited resource settings. Sample reports are provided, and the chapter is extensively referenced.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA

    Elena F. Brachtel

  2. University of NSW and University of Notre Dame Medical Schools, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia

    Andrew S. Field

  3. St. George Hospital, BreastScreen, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Mary T. Rickard

  4. Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia and Clinpath Laboratories, Adelaide, Australia

    Wendy A. Raymond

  5. Department of Histopathology, Nottingham University Hospitals, Nottingham, UK

    Andrew H. S. Lee

  6. Department of Pathology, Sengkang General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore

    P. Y. Chong

  7. Department of Pathology, Beijing Hospital and National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China

    Lan Chen

  8. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiangmai University, Chiangmai, Thailand

    Benjaporn Chaiwun

  9. Sydney Breast Clinic, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Lauren Arnold

  10. Toronto, ON, Canada

    William R. Geddie

  11. Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal

    Fernando Schmitt

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  1. Elena F. Brachtel
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Correspondence to Andrew S. Field .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. University of NSW and University of Notre Dame Medical Schools, St Vincent’s Hospital, Sydney, Australia

    Andrew S. Field

  2. Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University of South Australia and Clinpath Laboratories, Adelaide, Australia

    Wendy A. Raymond

  3. Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University (IPATIMUP), Medical Faculty of Porto University, Porto, Portugal

    Fernando Schmitt

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Brachtel, E.F. et al. (2020). Malignant. In: Field, A.S., Raymond, W.A., Schmitt, F. (eds) The International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System for Reporting Breast Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy Cytopathology. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26883-1_6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-26883-1_6

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