Conclusion: The Future of The Future of Education and Labor

Abstract

The transformation of Industry 4.0 will destroy labor, and the transformation of Industry 4.0 will create new labor, so finally there even may be more (new) labor. This requires, however, to reorganize labor and education in innovative and progressive approaches, so that then the net gain of new labor has the full potential of even to outpace the losses of old labor. Competences of persons, people, and humans must be developed and developed further, to prevent that labor can be replaced by automation effects or by artificial intelligence (at least not in simple ways). Crucial are here multifaceted competences, where disciplinary professional knowledge is being augmented and recombined with interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary skills and competences (for this also the metaphors of “T-competences” and “M-competences” are being used). Creativity and creativity skills are crucial in driving innovation, which again is advancing the evolution of knowledge society, knowledge economy, and knowledge democracy. Arts and artistic research represent crucial components in an advanced innovation system. Artificial intelligence will not replace human intelligence, but artificial intelligence will complement human intelligence. However, also here the challenge is to organize labor (and the economy, society, and democracy) in a way, so that human intelligence is using artificial intelligence for the purpose of supporting (and carrying higher) human intelligence and human labor. Therefore, the idea is to speak more of a co-evolution of artificial intelligence and of human intelligence but where the humans are in the position of control and sovereign decision-making (also expressed in the metaphor of a “Centaur Intelligence”). Artificial intelligence can provide assumptions and guidance; however, the humans are the ones who are making the decisions or who engage in “making the decision-making.” There is this understanding that advanced knowledge manifests itself in a diversity of knowledge modes and innovation modes, and that this pluralism of knowledge also requires a political pluralism, which is a characteristic and component clearly of democracy. Democracy as innovation enabler, or the quality of democracy as an innovation enabler, emphasize the connectedness and interconnectedness of (a) knowledge development and of (b) democracy development and democracy evolution. In reference to the example and metaphor of a society of free women and free men in ancient Greece (the democratic polis in Athens), we can speculate, how in Industry 4.0 the artificial intelligence and other advanced technological means could be used and can be used and utilized to carry out the (boring) standard work, whereas persons, people, and humans then are focusing more on the interesting work. This we may phrase and paraphrase as a type of Renaissance of (interesting) labor in the Age of Knowledge and Innovation. So what are then the new (and old) forms of entrepreneurship and of creative innovation in Industry 4.0 (or Industry 5.0 in a later phase), what can artificial-intelligence-based entrepreneurship possibly mean? What Industry 4.0 really needs and requires is a Democracy 5.0. If there is Art and Democracy, we also should think about the Art of Democracy.