Skip to main content

Lifestyle Modification for the Treatment of Obesity

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Quality in Obesity Treatment

Abstract

This chapter provides an overview of lifestyle modification approaches to treat obesity. Lifestyle modification for weight loss is likely the most frequently used approach to weight loss and typically includes some combination of caloric restriction, increased levels of physical activity, and the implementation of behavior change strategies. The chapter begins with a description of these components of treatment. Main findings from seminal investigations demonstrating the efficacy and effectiveness of the approach are reviewed. The chapter concludes with a presentation of new advances in the treatment approach.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84:191–215.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bandura A. Social foundations of thought and action: a social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall; 1986.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Kushner RF, Sarwer DB. Medical and behavioral evaluation of patients with obesity. Psychiatr Clin N Am. 2011;34(4):797–812.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Sarwer DB, Butryn ML, Forman E, Bradley LE. Lifestyle modification for the treatment of obesity. In: Still CD, Sarwer DB, Blankenship J, editors. The ASMBS textbook of bariatric surgery. Volume 2: integrative health. New York: Springer; 2014. p. 147–55.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Sacks FM, Bray GA, Carey VJ, Smith SR, Ryan DH, Anton SD, et al. Comparison of weight-loss diets with different compositions of fat, protein, and carbohydrates. N Engl J Med. 2009;26(360):859–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Dansinger ML, Gleason JA, Griffith JL, Selker HP, Schaefer EJ. Comparison of the Atkins, Ornish, Weight Watchers, and Zone Diets for weight loss and heart disease risk reduction a randomized trial. JAMA. 2005;293(1):43–53.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. U.S. Department of Agriculture, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 2010. http://www.health.gov/dietaryguildelines/2010.asp. Accessed 28 Mar 2018.

  8. Epstein LH, Gordy CC, Raynor HA, Beddome M, Kilanowski CK, Paluch R. Increasing fruit and vegetable intake and decreasing fat and sugar intake in families at risk for childhood obesity. Obes Res. 2001;9(3):171–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Heymsfield SB, van Mierlo CA, van der Knaap HC, Heo M, Frier HI. Weight management using a meal replacement strategy: meta and pooling analysis from six studies. Int J Obes. 2001;27(5):537–49.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Donnelly JE, Blair SN, Jakicic JM, et al. American College of Sports Medicine Position Stand: appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention of weight regain for adults. Med Sci Sport Exerc. 2009;41:459–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Jakicic JM, Winters C, Lang W, Wing RR. Effects of intermittent exercise and use of home exercise equipment on adherence, weight loss and fitness in overweight women: a randomized trial. J Am Med Assoc. 1999;282(16):1554–60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Jeffery RW, Wing RR, Sherwood NE, Tate DF. Physical activity and weight loss: does prescribing higher physical activity goals improve outcome? Am J Clin Nutr. 2003;78(4):684–9.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Wing RR, Hill JO. Successful weight loss maintenance. Annu Rev Nutr. 2001;21:323–41.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Wing RR. Physical activity in the treatment of the adulthood overweight and obesity: current evidence and research issues. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1999;31(11 Suppl):S547–52.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Current physical activity guidelines. 2016. https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/dcpc/prevention/policies_practices/physical_activity/guidelines.htm. Accessed 28 Mar 2018.

  16. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Reduction in the incidence of type 2 diabetes with lifestyle intervention or metformin. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(6):393–403.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group. Effects of withdrawal from metformin on the development of diabetes in the diabetes prevention program. Diabetes Care. 2003;26(4):977–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Look AHEAD Research Group. Long term effects of a lifestyle intervention on weight and cardiovascular risk factors in individuals with type 2 diabetes: four year results of the Look AHEAD trial. Arch Intern Med. 2010;170(17):1566–75.

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wadden TA, Volger S, Sarwer DB, Vetter ML, Tsai AG, Berkowitz RI, et al. A two-year randomized trial of obesity treatment in primary care practice. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):1969–79.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. Appel L, Clark J, Yeh H, Wang NY, Coughlin JW, Daumit G, et al. Comparative effectiveness of weight-loss interventions in clinical practice. N Engl J Med. 2011;365(21):1959–68.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. NIH, NHLBI Obesity Education Initiative. Clinical guidelines on the identification, evaluation, and treatment of overweight and obesity in adults. 1995. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/guidelines/obesity/ob_gdlns.pdf.

  22. World Health Organization. Obesity: preventing and managing a global epidemic. 2000. http://www.wpro.who.int/nutrition/documents/docs/Redefiningobesity.pdf?ua=1. Accessed 26 Mar 2018.

  23. Perri MG, Corsica JA. Improving the maintenance of weight loss in behavioral treatment of obesity. In: Wadden TA, Stunkard AJ, editors. Handbook of obesity treatment. New York: Guilford Press; 2002. p. 357–79.

    Google Scholar 

  24. Vetter ML, Ritter S, Wadden TA, Sarwer DB. Comparison of bariatric surgical procedures on diabetes remission: efficacy and mechanisms. Diabetes Spectr. 2012;25:200–10.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  25. Brantley PJ, Myers VH, Roy HJ. Environmental and lifestyle influences on obesity. J La State Med Soc. 2005;157(1):S19–27.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. National Weight Control Registry. http://www.nwcr.ws/. Accessed 26 Mar 2018.

  27. Wing RR, Tate DF, Gorin AA, Raynor HA, Fava JL. A self-regulation program for maintenance of weight loss. N Engl J Med. 2006;255(15):1563–71.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Sarwer DB, Dilks RJ. Invited commentary: childhood and adolescent obesity: psychological and behavioral issues in weight loss treatment. J Youth Adolesc. 2012;41(1):98–104.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Kumanyika SK, Obarzanek E, Stevens VJ, Hebert PR, Whelton PK. Weight-loss experience of black and white participants in NHLBI-sponsored clinical trials. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53(6.)(suppl):1631S–8S.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  30. Winkels RM, Sturgeon KM, Kallan MJ, Dean LT, Zhang Z, Evangelisti M, et al. The women in steady exercise research (WISER) survivor trial: the innovative transdisciplinary design of a randomized controlled trial of exercise and weight-loss interventions among breast cancer survivors with lymphedema. Contemp Clin Trials. 2017;61:63–72.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Legro RS, Dodson WC, Kunselman AR, Stetter CM, Kris-Etherton PM, Williams NI, et al. Benefit of delayed fertility therapy with preconception weight loss over immediate therapy in obese women with PCOS. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2016;101(7):2658–66.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  32. Forman EM, Hoffman K, McGrath KB, Herbert J, Brandsma L, Lowe MR. A comparison of acceptance- and control-based strategies for coping with food cravings: an analog study. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45(10):2372–86.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. Forman E, Hoffman K, Juarascio A, Butryn M, Herbert J. Comparison of acceptance-based and standard cognitive-based coping strategies for craving sweets in overweight and obese women. Eat Behav. 2013;14(1):64–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. Forman EM, Butryn M, Hoffman KL, Herbert JD. An open trial of an acceptance-based behavioral treatment for weight loss. Cogn Behav Pract. 2009;16:223–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. Lillis J, Hayes SC, Bunting K, Masuda A. Teaching acceptance and mindfulness to improve the lives of the obese: a preliminary test of a theoretical model. Ann Behav Med. 2009;37(1):58–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. Neimeir HM, Leahy T, Pam Reed K, Brown RA, Wing RR. An acceptance-based behavioral intervention for loss: a pilot study. Behav Ther. 2012;43(2):427–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. Alberts HJ, Mulkens S, Smeets M, Thewsissen R. Coping with food cravings. Investigating the potential of a mindfulness-based intervention. Appetite. 2010;55(1):160–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Bradley LE, Forman EM, Kerrigan SG, Butryn ML, Herbert JD, Sarwer DB. A pilot study of an acceptance-based behavioral intervention for weight regain after bariatric surgery. Obes Surg. 2016;26(10):2433–41.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  39. Tate DF, Jackvony EH, Wing RR. Effects of internet behavioral counseling on weight loss in adults at risk for type 2 diabetes: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2003;289:1833–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  40. Krukowski RA, Tilford JM, Harvey-Berino J, West DS. Comparing behavioral weight loss modalities: incremental cost-effectiveness of an internet-based versus an in-person condition. Obesity. 2011;19:1629–35.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Goodpaster B, DeLany J, Otto A, et al. Effects of diet and physical activity interventions on weight loss and cardiometabolic risk factors in severely obese adults. JAMA. 2010;304(16):1795–802.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  42. Volpp KG, John LK, Troxel AB, Norton L, Fassbender J, Loewenstein G. Financial incentive-based approaches for weight loss: a randomized trial. JAMA. 2008;300(22):2631–7.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Groessl EJ, Sui X, McClain AC, Wilcox S, Hand GA, Meriwether RA, Blair SN. An economic analysis of traditional and technology-based approaches to weight loss. Am J Prev Med. 2012;43(2):176–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David B. Sarwer .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Sarwer, D.B., Tripicchio, G.L. (2019). Lifestyle Modification for the Treatment of Obesity. In: Morton, J., Brethauer, S., DeMaria, E., Kahan, S., Hutter, M. (eds) Quality in Obesity Treatment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25173-4_14

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25173-4_14

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-25172-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-25173-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics