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Feedback Control in the Olivocerebellar Loop

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Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

Abstract

About 40 years ago, a subpopulation of small neurons in the cerebellar nuclei was shown to project to the inferior olive, the source of the climbing fiber input to the cerebellum. This nucleo-olivary projection follows the zonal and probably also microzonal arrangement of the cerebellum so that closed loops are formed between the neurons in the olive, the cerebellar cortex, and the nuclei. Although it was first thought to be excitatory, it was subsequently shown that the cells were GABAergic and that activity in the nucleo-olivary pathway inhibits olivary activity. A number of functions have been suggested for this inhibition: (a) feedback control of learning, (b) gating of olivary input in general, and (c) feedback control of background activity in Purkinje cells. Evidence is consistent with (a) and (c). Activity in the nucleo-olivary pathway suppresses both synaptic transmission and background activity in the olive. When conditional blink responses develop, the blink-related part of the olive is inhibited. When the nucleo-olivary pathway is interrupted, there is a corresponding increase in complex spike discharge in Purkinje cells followed by a strong suppression of simple spike firing. Stimulation of the pathway has the opposite results. It is concluded that the nucleo-olivary fibers are inhibitory and that they form a number of independent feedback loops, each one specific for a microcomplex, in a system that regulates cerebellar learning as well as spontaneous activity in the cerebello-olivocerebellar circuit. Besides these inhibitory effects, it has been argued that the nucleo-olivary pathway regulates electrotonic coupling between olivary cells.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Experimental Medical Science, Division for Neuroscience, University of Lund, Lund, Sweden

    Fredrik Bengtsson, Anders Rasmussen & Germund Hesslow

Authors
  1. Fredrik Bengtsson
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  2. Anders Rasmussen
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  3. Germund Hesslow
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Germund Hesslow .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CHU-Charleroi, University of Mons, Charleroi, Belgium

    Mario U. Manto

  2. Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

  3. Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

  4. Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy V. Sillitoe

Section Editor information

  1. Molecular and Integrative Neuroscience Department (MIND), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, California, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

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Bengtsson, F., Rasmussen, A., Hesslow, G. (2022). Feedback Control in the Olivocerebellar Loop. In: Manto, M.U., Gruol, D.L., Schmahmann, J.D., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R.V. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_45

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