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Golgi Neurons

  • Reference work entry
  • First Online:
Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders

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Abstract

The Golgi cell is an essential cellular component of the cerebellar cortex and the only source of inhibition to the billions of granule cells forming the cortical input layer. While considered as a single neuronal class, separate from Lugaro cells, Golgi cells form a highly heterogeneous population, both morphologically and immunohistochemically. Golgi cells are interconnected by electrical synapses and connected to other cortical cell types by chemical synapses, forming feedforward and feedback inhibitory loops onto granule cells. Golgi cells are thus ideally placed to control the gain and temporal pattern of granule cell discharge in response to afferent mossy fiber activity.

In vivo Golgi cells fire irregularly and respond to peripheral stimuli with brief burst responses or prolonged pauses. In the behaving animal, the firing rate of Golgi cells is modulated and forms sensory-motor receptive fields. Furthermore, Golgi cell activity is coordinated with local field potential oscillations in the beta range both locally and along the parallel fiber beams. Detailed computer models have been generated and predict complex oscillatory behaviors of the granule cell layer network at various frequencies. The impact of these oscillations on the encoding capacity of the granular layer is still debated, and further recordings are needed to understand how Golgi cells affect granule cell spike timing.

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Abbreviations

AHP:

after-hyperpolarization

AMPA:

2-amino-3-(5-methyl-3-oxo-1,2-oxazol-4-yl) propanoic acid

CF:

climbing fiber

EPSC:

excitatory postsynaptic current

GABA:

gamma-aminobutyric acid

GC:

granule cell

GCL:

granule cell layer

GIRK:

G protein–coupled inwardly rectifying potassium channel

IO:

inferior olive

IPSC:

inhibitory postsynaptic current

ISI:

interspike interval

KAR:

kainate receptor

KO:

knockout

LFP:

local field potential

LTD:

long-term depression

MF:

mossy fibers

ML:

molecular layer

NMDA:

N-Methyl-D-aspartic acid

OMV:

oculomotor vermis

PF:

parallel fiber

STP:

short-term synaptic plasticity

UBC:

unipolar brush cell

VPFL:

ventral paraflocculus

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the EU Marie Curie ITN network CEREBNET funding to K.P. and by the ANR grant CECOMOD to S.D.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratoire de Neurobiologie, Inhibitory Transmission Team, IBENS, Ecole Normale Supérieure (CNRS UMR 8197; INSERM U 1024), Paris, France

    Katarzyna Pietrajtis & Stéphane Dieudonné

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  1. Katarzyna Pietrajtis
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  2. Stéphane Dieudonné
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Katarzyna Pietrajtis .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CHU-Charleroi, University of Mons, Charleroi, Belgium

    Mario U. Manto

  2. Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Donna L. Gruol

  3. Ataxia Center, Laboratory for Neuroanatomy and Cerebellar Neurobiology, Department of Neurology Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

  4. Department of Integrative Physiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, Japan

    Noriyuki Koibuchi

  5. Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA

    Roy V. Sillitoe

Section Editor information

  1. Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA

    Jeremy D. Schmahmann

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Pietrajtis, K., Dieudonné, S. (2022). Golgi Neurons. In: Manto, M.U., Gruol, D.L., Schmahmann, J.D., Koibuchi, N., Sillitoe, R.V. (eds) Handbook of the Cerebellum and Cerebellar Disorders. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23810-0_34

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