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Shaping Photon Beams with Undulators and Wigglers

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Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers

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Abstract

Periodic magnetic structures, i.e., undulators and wigglers, have been used for nearly 40 years as sources of brilliant synchrotron radiation. Today, sophisticated undulator designs provide many degrees of freedom such as photon beam energy, variable polarization, and orbital angular momentum. Specific designs efficiently suppress higher orders or reduce the on-axis power density. All tuning parameters are required to be freely accessible to users. Still, the majority of undulators are based on permanent magnets with a clear trend to short-period in-vacuum and cryogenically cooled systems. The development of superconducting undulators is rapidly progressing, and high-quality devices are operated at two multiuser facilities. Similar designs are used for storage rings and free-electron lasers, though the field quality requirements are different. Today, the optimization of a specific experiment follows a global approach. This includes not only the undulator design itself but also local lattice modifications to cope with ambitious designs, elaborate tracking schemes to estimate the impact on the dynamic aperture, and last but not least radiation propagation tools which transport a realistic photon beam phase space to the sample. This chapter summarizes the theory of undulator radiation and reviews the technological realization of undulators and wigglers. Operational issues are discussed as well.

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Acknowledgments

The author thanks A. Gaupp and M. Scheer for many fruitful discussions in the fields of undulator simulation and technology. The author appreciates the help of M. Scheer in evaluating several undulator spectra with the code WAVE.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Berlin, Germany

    Johannes Bahrdt

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  1. Johannes Bahrdt
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Correspondence to Johannes Bahrdt .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, BESSY II, Berlin, Germany

    Eberhard J. Jaeschke

  2. Zentrum für Synchrotronstrahlung (DELTA), Technische Universität Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany

    Shaukat Khan

  3. Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Hamburg, Germany

    Jochen R. Schneider

  4. Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Linac Coherent Light Source, Menlo Park, CA, USA

    Jerome B. Hastings

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Bahrdt, J. (2020). Shaping Photon Beams with Undulators and Wigglers. In: Jaeschke, E., Khan, S., Schneider, J., Hastings, J. (eds) Synchrotron Light Sources and Free-Electron Lasers. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23201-6_16

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