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Genetic Diversity and Breeding of Argan Tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels)

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Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Nut and Beverage Crops

Abstract

Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an endemic woody species in Morocco with important ecological and socioeconomic interest. The argan tree constitutes an essential element of the biodiversity of agroforestry ecosystems. To alleviate the pressure on the species and to satisfy the growing demand for its oil, the preservation and characterization of the high diversity of endangered populations of argan trees and its cultivation (in their natural habitat), constitute a crucial step toward their conservation. Thus, the analysis of the structure and distribution patterns of genetic diversity is paramount for the management and development of conservation strategies. Thereby, various strategies have been employed to evaluate the degree of genetic diversity based on morphological, chemical, biochemical and molecular markers. The status of different morphotypes and molecular markers were examined and investigated to evaluate the measure of genetic diversity. The application of molecular biotechnologies (DNA markers) to practical breeding and selection is a novel strategy and a powerful methodology for plant breeding. This chapter summarizes current knowledge and progresses made in argan tree, and discusses their limitations and perspectives related to the genetic aspects of this ecological and socioeconomically important tree crop.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA)-CRRA, Agadir, Morocco

    Naima Ait Aabd, Rachid Bouharroud, Abdelghani Tahiri, Ahmed Wifaya & Abdelaziz Mimouni

  2. Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco

    Abdelhamid El Mousadik

Authors
  1. Naima Ait Aabd
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  2. Rachid Bouharroud
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  3. Abdelghani Tahiri
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  4. Ahmed Wifaya
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  5. Abdelaziz Mimouni
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  6. Abdelhamid El Mousadik
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Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Agricultural Biotechnology, King Faisal University, Al-Hassa, Saudi Arabia

    Jameel M. Al-Khayri

  2. Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland

    Shri Mohan Jain

  3. Cincinnati, OH, USA

    Dennis V. Johnson

Appendices

Appendices

1.1 Appendix I: Institutwes Involved in Argan Research

Institution

Specialization research activities

Contact information and website

INRA, Morocco

Genetic diversity, breeding, propagation, pollination and cultural practices

www.inra.org.ma

Address: Avenue Ennasser, Rabat, Morocco

Ibn Zohr University, Agadir, Morocco

Genetic diversity

www.uiz.ac.ma

Address: BP32/S, 80000, Agadir, Morocco

Agronomic and Veterinary Institute HASSAN II, Morocco

Propagation and cultural practices

www.iav.ac.ma

Address: Madinat Al Irfane, B.P. 6202. Rabat, Morocco

Mohamed V University, Rabat, Morocco

Genetic diversity

www.um5.ac.ma

Address: Avenue des Nations Unies, Agdal,

Rabat, Morocco

Cadi Ayyad, University, Marrakesh, Morocco

Genetic diversity

www.uca.ma

Address: Av Abdelkrim Khattabi, BP 511, 40000, Marrakesh, Morocco

National Agency for the Development of Oasis Areas and Argan

Promoting all research activities related to argan tree

www.andzoa.ma

Address: Nouveau quartier administratif, Haut Founty, Agadir, Morocco

National Forestry School of Engineers, Salé, Morocco

Management and conservation of the biosphere reserve of argan ecosystem

www.etudiant.ma/etablissements/enfi

Address: ENFI, BP. 511 Tabrikt, 11000 Salé, Morocco

Forest Research Center

Management and conservation of the biosphere reserve of argan ecosystem

www.eauxetforets.gov.ma

Address: 25, bd Brahim Roudani, Parc de la Ligue Arabe, Casablanca, Morocco

French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (Cirad)

Forest genetics

www.cirad.fr/en

Address: Av. Agropolis, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France

Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research

Aridland agriculture and greenery

www.kisr.edu.kw

Address: P.O. box 24885 Safat, 13109, Kuwait

Abou BakerBelkaid University

Forest resources

www.univ-tlemcen.dz

Address: 22, Rue Abi Ayad Abdelkrim Fg Pasteur B.P 119 13000, Tlemcen, Algeria

Hassiba Benbouali, Chlef University

Agronomy

www.univ-chlef.dz

Address: B.P 78C , Ouled Fares Chlef 02180, Algeria

Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández

Bio-energy

www.bioingenieria.umh.es

Address: Av. de la Universidad s/n.03202 Elche, Spain

Ben-Gurion University of the Negev

Life sciences

http://in.bgu.ac.il

Address: P.O.B. 653 Beer-Sheva, Israel

Faculty of biological sciences, University of Science and Technology Houari Boumediene

Plant ecology

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Institut d’Études Politiques de Lyon

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1.2 Appendix II Genetic Resources of Argan in Morocco

Cultivara

Important traits

Cultivation location

Seed crushing

Fruit production (kg)

Oil yield (%)

Ao-4V

Easy

100

55.03

Aoulouz

Ao-7V

Easy

110

53.92

Aoulouz

Ao-12R

Easy

200

56.22

Had Dra

Hd-2V

Easy

100

54.10

Had Dra

Hd-4V

Easy

150

54.19

Had Dra

Hd-8R

Easy

200

58.40

Had Dra

Bi-8V

Easy

120

54.20

Biougra

Bi-15V

Easy

200

53.11

Biougra

Bi-13R

Easy

160

53.31

Biougra

La-1V

Easy

120

56.33

Lakhsas

La-2V

Easy

120

55.58

Lakhsas

La-11V

Easy

240

54.43

Lakhsas

La-7R

Easy

130

54.52

Lakhsas

La-9R

Easy

100

55.06

Lakhsas

  1. aUnregistered cultivar in the official catalog

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Ait Aabd, N., Bouharroud, R., Tahiri, A., Wifaya, A., Mimouni, A., El Mousadik, A. (2019). Genetic Diversity and Breeding of Argan Tree (Argania spinosa L. Skeels). In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Nut and Beverage Crops. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23112-5_2

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