Abstract
Dahlia Schweitzer invites us to broaden our understanding of the war film to include films on pandemics as an allegory for our fears of global warfare and terrorism. While war has moved beyond clearly demarcated geographical and national battle lines with unclear enemies and heroes, warfare has been integrated into the “outbreak narrative” in films. Here, warfare itself can be conducted via a viral outbreak, with bioterrorism and engineered viruses infecting American film and television programs at an increasing rate. As Schweitzer explains, because pandemics are akin to terrorist attacks via the unpredictable and constant nature of the anxiety provoked by both, visual media productions on outbreaks and pandemics should be conceived of within an updated understanding of the war film genre.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Works Cited
“Apparent Suicide of Anthrax Suspect.” New York Times, August 1, 2008. http://www.nytimes.com/video/us/1194817108194/apparent-suicide-of-anthrax-suspect.html
Bashford, Alison. “Panic’s Past and Global Futures.” In Empires of Panic: Epidemics and Colonial Anxieties, edited by Robert Peckham, 203–208. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press, 2015.
Bhattacharjee, Yudhijit. “FBI to Request Scientific Review of Its Anthrax Investigation.” Science, September 16, 2008. http://news.sciencemag.org/scientific-community/2008/09/fbi-request-scientific-review-its-anthrax-investigation.
Broad, William J. “Inquiry in Anthrax Mailings Had Gaps, Report Says.” The New York Times, December 19, 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/20/science/inquiry-in-anthrax-mailings-had-gaps-report-says.html?ref=topics&_r=0.
Brown, Dan. Inferno. New York: Anchor Books, 2014.
Deleuze, Gilles, “Postscript on the Societies of Control.” October 59 (Winter 1992): 3–7.
Donne, John. Devotions Upon Emergent Occasions and Death’s Duel. New York: Vintage, 1999.
Galloway, Alexander. Protocol. Cambridge: MIT Press, 2004.
Ganor, Boaz. “Terrorism Networks: It Takes a Network to Beat a Network.” In Paul R. Kleindorfer, Yoram (Jerry) Wind, and Robert E. Gunther (eds). The Network Challenge: Strategy, Profit, and Risk in an Interlinked World, edited by Paul R. Kleindorfer, Yoram (Jerry) Wind, and Robert E. Gunther, 453–70. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Wharton School Publishing, 2009.
Hill, Matthew B. “Tom Clancy, 24, and the Language of Autocracy.” In The War on Terror and American Popular Culture: September 11 and Beyond, edited by Andrew Schopp and Matthew B. Hill, 127–48. Madison, NJ: Fairleigh Dickinson University Press, 2009.
King, Nick B. “Dangerous Fragments.” Grey Room 7 (Spring 2002): 72–81.
Laqueur, Walter “Postmodern Terrorism: New Rules for an Old Game,” Foreign Affairs 75, no. 5 (September–October 1996): 24–36.
Mayer, Ruth. “Virus Discourse: The Rhetoric of Threat and Terrorism in the Biothriller.” Cultural Critique 66 (Spring 2007): 1–20.
Reid, Elwood. Email message to author, November 3, 2015.
Smith, Harry. “Psychological Effects After Terror Attacks.” MSNBC Live. MSNBC, November 21, 2015.
Sontag, Susan. Illness as Metaphor and Aids and Its Metaphors. New York: Doubleday, 1990.
Spigel, Lynn. “Entertainment Wars: Television Culture After 9/11.” American Quarterly, 56, no. 2 (June 2004): 235–70.
Takacs, Stacy. Terrorism TV: Popular Entertainment in Post-9/11 America. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 2012.
Waisbord, Silvio. “Journalism, Risk, and Patriotism.” In Journalism After September 11, edited by Barbie Zelizer and Stuart Allen, 201–19. New York: Routledge, 2002.
Wetmore, Jr., Kevin J. Post 9/11 Horror. London: Continuum Books, 2012.
Wheelis, Mark. “Biological Warfare at the 1346 Siege of Caffa.” Emerging Infectious Diseases 8, no. 9 (September 2002). http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/8/9/01-0536_article.
“You Are Either with Us or Against Us.” CNN, November 6, 2001. http://edition.cnn.com//2001/US/11/06/gen.attack.on.terror/.
Film and Television
12 Monkeys. Created by Travis Fickett and Terry Matalas. Atlas Entertainment/Syfy. USA, 2015.
24. Created by Robert Cochran and Joel Surnow. Imagine Entertainment/Fox. USA, 2001–2010.
28 Days Later. Directed by Danny Boyle. UK, 2002.
The Agency. Created by Michael Frost Beckner. Radiant Productions/CBS. USA, 2001–2003.
The Andromeda Strain. Executive Produced by Ridley Scott, Tony Scott, Thom Thayer, and David W. Zucker. A.S. Films/A&E, 2008.
The Blacklist. Created by Jon Bokenkamp. NBC. USA, 2014.
Blindspot. Created by Martin Gero. NBC. USA, 2015.
Contagion. Directed by John Murlowski. USA, 2002
Contagion. Directed by Steven Soderbergh. USA, 2011.
Contaminated Man. Directed by Anthony Hickox. Germany/USA, 2000.
Covert One: The Hades Factor, CBS. Executive Produced by Paul Sandberg and Larry Sanitsky. Shotz Fiction Film/CBS Broadcasting, 2006.
The Crazies. Directed by George Romero. USA, 1973.
The Crazies. Directed by Breck Eisner. USA, 2010.
Global Effect. Directed by Terry Cunningham. USA, 2002.
The Grid. Executive Produced by Tracey Alexander, Joshua Brand, Patrick Sheane Duncan, Brian Eastman, Ken Friedman, and Gareth Neame. BBC/TNT. UK/USA, 2004.
Inferno. Directed by Ron Howard. USA, 2016.
Madame Secretary. Created by Barbara Hall. Barbara Hall Productions/CBS. USA, 2016
Panic in the Streets. Directed by Elia Kazan. USA, 1950.
Person of Interest. Created by Jonathan Nolan. Kilter Films/CBS. USA, 2016.
The Strain. Created by Guillermo del Toro and Chuck Hogan. FX. USA, 2014–2017.
Threat Matrix. Creator Daniel Voll. Industry Entertainment/ABC. USA, 2003–2004.
Toxic Skies. Directed by Andrew C. Erin. USA/Canada, 2008.
Venomous. Directed by Fred Olen Ray. USA, 2001.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 The Author(s)
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Schweitzer, D. (2019). The New Face of Fear: How Pandemics and Terrorism Reinvent Terror (and Heroes) in the Twenty-First Century. In: Tholas, C., Goldie, J., Ritzenhoff, K. (eds) New Perspectives on the War Film. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23096-8_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23096-8_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-23095-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-23096-8
eBook Packages: Literature, Cultural and Media StudiesLiterature, Cultural and Media Studies (R0)