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Symmetries with Neutrons and Protons

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Symmetries in Atomic Nuclei

Part of the book series: Springer Tracts in Modern Physics ((STMP,volume 230))

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Abstract

Atomic nuclei consist of neutrons and protons. This seemingly trivial observation has far-reaching consequences as far as the structure of nuclei is concerned. Neutrons and protons are the elementary building blocks of the nuclear shell model. They are always included in the model, either explicitly or via the formalism of isospin which assigns to each nucleon an intrinsic label T = 1∕2 with different projections for neutron and proton. While the neutron–proton degree of freedom is an essential part of the shell model, it is not always one of the interacting boson models (IBM). In fact, in the version of the model discussed in Chap. 3 no distinction is made between neutrons and protons and all bosons are considered as identical. Nevertheless, to make the model more realistic, it is essential to introduce this distinction. This is the main objective of the present chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Sciencias de la Complejidad (C3), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México D.F., Mexico

    Alejandro Frank

  2. Universität zu Köln, Institut für Kernphysik, Köln, Germany

    Jan Jolie

  3. Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), Caen, France

    Pieter Van Isacker

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  1. Alejandro Frank
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  2. Jan Jolie
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  3. Pieter Van Isacker
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Frank, A., Jolie, J., Isacker, P.V. (2019). Symmetries with Neutrons and Protons. In: Symmetries in Atomic Nuclei. Springer Tracts in Modern Physics, vol 230. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-21931-4_5

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