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Eye Movements in Vehicle Control

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Eye Movement Research

Abstract

Measuring gaze behaviour is useful to understand the cognitive processes involved in vehicle control and to test new assistance technology. Most of the research on eye movements in vehicle control was conducted in the context of road traffic and will therefore be focused on in this chapter. In the following, we will first introduce the driving task and outline how the eye-tracking methodology can be used to get insights into the cognitive processes that guide driving behaviour. Furthermore, we will highlight important classical findings and recent developments in the field of eye movements in driving. These include eye movements during basic vehicle control tasks like steering, driving manoeuvres and detecting hazards in the road environment. Additionally, factors influencing task performance (e.g., effects of visual distraction, workload, fatigue, driving experience, and aging) that can be observed by applying the eye-tracking method will be introduced. Conducting an eye-tracking study in the driving context often takes place in complex and highly dynamic environments. Therefore, in the last part of this chapter, we will give a practical guideline of what is important in order to study eye movements in the context of vehicle control including an overview of the most commonly used parameters to describe gaze behaviour in the context of driving. We will sum up this introductory chapter with an outline for future research on the topic of eye movements in vehicle control.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Although the information a driver uses is predominantly visual (Sivak, 1996), the driver also processes information from other perceptual systems. For example, it has been shown that the driver uses auditory information in order to judge the driving speed (Evans, 1970) or vestibular information during lane changing (Macuga, Beall, Kelly, Smith, & Loomis, 2007). However, in this chapter, we focus on visual information.

  2. 2.

    However, there are slight differences between these terms, e.g., a gaze consists of multiple fixations on the same object (Crundall & Underwood, 2011).

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Esko Lehtonen and Mark Vollrath for valuable comments on a previous version of this chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychology, Cognitive Decision Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Agnes Rosner

  2. Institute for Multimedia and Interactive Systems, Engineering Psychology and Cognitive Ergonomics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany

    Thomas Franke

  3. BMW Group, Munich, Germany

    Frederik Platten

  4. Department of Psychology, Cognitive and Engineering Psychology, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany

    Christiane Attig

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  1. Agnes Rosner
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Correspondence to Agnes Rosner .

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  1. Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany

    Christoph Klein

  2. Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany

    Ulrich Ettinger

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Rosner, A., Franke, T., Platten, F., Attig, C. (2019). Eye Movements in Vehicle Control. In: Klein, C., Ettinger, U. (eds) Eye Movement Research. Studies in Neuroscience, Psychology and Behavioral Economics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20085-5_22

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