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Bioinformatics Insights on Plant Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase: A Proton Pump Involved in Salt Tolerance

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Abstract

Vacuolar proton-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatases (VPPases) are active proton transporters. They establish proton gradient across the endomembrane by the hydrolysis of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi). VPPase activates secondary vacuolar active transport systems and provides tolerance to abiotic stress. VPPase is a simple proton pump with 13–16 transmembrane helices compactly folded in a rosette manner in two concentric walls. The core of VPPase contains an imidodiphosphate (IDP) and three highly conserved motifs CS1, CS2, and CS3. The core regulates the translocation of H+ ions from cytosol to vacuolar lumen. The pumping of H+ into vacuole builds electrochemical gradient which changes its pH and energizes various antiporters. This results in influx of Na+, K+, NO3−, and Cl− from cytosol to vacuole and reduces the toxicity in cytosol. This chapter provides an overview on bioinformatics approaches used to understand the 3D structure, motifs, function, and working model of VPPases.

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful to Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) deemed-to-be-university, for providing necessary facilities to carry out the research work and for extending constant support in writing this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biochemistry and Bioinformatics, Institute of Science, Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM) Deemed to be University, Visakhapatnam, AP, India

    Nageswara Rao Reddy Neelapu, Sandeep Solmon Kusuma, Titash Dutta & Challa Surekha

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  1. Nageswara Rao Reddy Neelapu
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  2. Sandeep Solmon Kusuma
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  3. Titash Dutta
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  4. Challa Surekha
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Correspondence to Challa Surekha .

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  1. Princess Dr. Najla Bint Saud Al-Saud Center for Excellence Research in Biotechnology, Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid Rehman Hakeem

  2. Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Noor Ahmad Shaik

  3. Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Babajan Banaganapalli

  4. Princess Al-Jawhara Center of Excellence in Research of Hereditary Disorders, Department of Genetic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

    Ramu Elango

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Neelapu, N.R.R., Kusuma, S.S., Dutta, T., Surekha, C. (2019). Bioinformatics Insights on Plant Vacuolar Proton Pyrophosphatase: A Proton Pump Involved in Salt Tolerance. In: Hakeem, K., Shaik, N., Banaganapalli, B., Elango, R. (eds) Essentials of Bioinformatics, Volume III. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19318-8_11

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