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The Ecosystem Service Impacts from Invasive Plants in Antietam National Battlefield

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Collateral Values

Part of the book series: Landscape Series ((LAEC,volume 25))

Abstract

Following their memorialization as protected landscapes, battlefield parks can provide a blend of cultural and other ecosystem services. Among the many threats to providing these services are non-native invasive plants. In this chapter, we assess the threats imposed by biological invasions of non-native plants in battlefield parks and discuss management strategies. We use evidence from the scientific and economic literature and the expert judgment of biologists, economists, and park managers to identify the harms caused by invasives and to characterize their effects on park ecosystem services. Based on this evidence, we propose four generic stressor-response relationships to describe the relationships between invasion extent and ecological endpoints such as park vegetation structure and diversity. Using Antietam National Battlefield as a case study, we tailor the general stressor-response curves to four specific species representing different functional groups of invasive plants: trees, shrubs, vines, and herbaceous forbs. We next link the ecological response of changes in vegetation structure and diversity to relevant ecosystem service impacts using interviews with national park service personnel and the economic literature. We identify four broad categories of parks users who might be affected by these losses of services: causal visitors, avid recreationalists, park neighbors, and non-use beneficiaries. Our findings reveal a general lack of experimental evidence quantifying the ecosystem service impacts of invasive plants. This lack of evidence, combined with the likely non-linear effects of non-native plant invasions on ecological endpoints, could catch managers unaware of dangerous thresholds in long-term resource management of battlefield landscapes.

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Acknowledgements

We are grateful to our expert panelists for their contributions to the development of the stressor-response curves: Frank Archuleta, Norm Bourg, Pat Campbell, Geoff Clark, Cynthia Huebner, Peter Marra, Bill McShea, John Parrish, Doug Samson, and Doug Tallamy. Alynne Bayard, Joe Ferrari, and Kristin Politano assisted with preliminary literature research. This study was partially funded under Cooperative Agreement H3992060006 with the National Park Service.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA

    Todd R. Lookingbill

  2. Department of Biological Sciences, Institute for Environmental Science and Policy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Emily S. Minor

  3. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Cambridge, MD, USA

    Lisa A. Wainger

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  1. Todd R. Lookingbill
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Correspondence to Todd R. Lookingbill .

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  1. Department of Geography and the Environment, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA

    Todd R. Lookingbill

  2. Department of Biology, University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, USA

    Peter D. Smallwood

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Lookingbill, T.R., Minor, E.S., Wainger, L.A. (2019). The Ecosystem Service Impacts from Invasive Plants in Antietam National Battlefield. In: Lookingbill, T., Smallwood, P. (eds) Collateral Values. Landscape Series, vol 25. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18991-4_6

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