Abstract
This paper explores the application of a cognitive-behavioural approach for measuring quality orientation in organisations. It aims at providing a method for improving the alignment of an organisation’s strategy with its culture. The explored and presented approach is called Situational Judgment Test (SJT) and is based on the Critical Incident Technique (CIT), a method to gather information about reoccurring human-system problems and their causes. Critical incidents allow the systematic identification of behaviour that contribute to success or failure in specific situations. Thereby, they form a solid basis for performance appraisals as well as personnel development and selection procedures. We followed a deductive test development approach and conducted two studies with Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) to validate the developed items. The SMEs evaluated 40 situational descriptions with regard to their degree of realism as well as relevance and assigned each situation to one predefined variable related to quality orientation. Analysis of the data led to the exclusion of 14 items. The interrater agreement for the remaining 26 items is considered as fair and reflects the difficulty associated with construct-based SJT development. For future research, the combination of critical incidents with Virtual Reality (VR) as simulation method appears to be promising for increasing fidelity. The presented cognitive-behavioural approach provides a novel method for measuring and strengthening organisation-wide quality initiatives, going beyond the implementation of established quality tools and techniques.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In the second study, one new item was added to the remaining 26 items to have at least 5 items per variable.
References
Aguinis, H., Henle, C.A., Ostroff, C.: Measurement in work and organizational psychology. In: Anderson, N., Ones, D.S., Sinangil, H.K., Viswesvaran, C. (eds.) Handbook of Industrial, Work and Organizational Psychology, Volume 1: Personnel Psychology, pp. 27–50 (2002)
Aiken, L.R.: Psychological Testing and Assessment, 5th edn. Allyn and Bacon, Boston (1985)
Anderson, N., Lievens, F., van Dam, K., Ryan, A.M.: Future perspectives on employee selection: key directions for future research and practice. Appl. Psychol. Int. Rev. 53(4), 487–501 (2004)
Becker, T.E.: Development and validation of a situational judgment test of employee integrity. Int. J. Sel. Assess. 13(3), 225–232 (2005)
Butterfield, L.D., Borgen, W.A., Amundson, N.E., Maglio, A.T.: Fifty years of the critical incident technique: 1954–2004 and beyond. Qual. Res. 5(4), 475–497 (2005)
Christian, M.S., Edwards, B.D., Bradley, J.C.: Situational judgment tests: constructs assessed and a meta-analysis of their criterion-related validities. Pers. Psychol. 63(1), 83–117 (2010)
Dahlgaard-Park, S.M., Chen, C., Jang, J., Dahlgaard, J.J.: Diagnosing and prognosticating the quality movement – a review on the 25 years quality literature (1987–2011). Total. Qual. Manag. Bus. Excel. 24(1–2), 1–18 (2013)
Flanagan, J.C.: The critical incident technique. Psychol. Bull. 51(4), 327–358 (1954)
Fotopoulos, C.B., Psomas, E.L.: The impact of “soft” and “hard” TQM elements on quality management results. Int. J. Qual. Reliab. Manag. 26(2), 150–163 (2009)
Heine, I.: Quality orientation in middle management - development and validation of a situational judgment test, Dissertation RWTH Aachen University, Apprimus Verlag (2016)
Heine, I., Schmitt, R., Beaujean, P.: Critical incidents of quality orientation in lower and middle management. TQM J. 28(5), 734–744 (2016)
Hubley, A.M., Zumbo, B.D.: Psychometric characteristics of assessment procedures: an overview. In: Geisinger, K.F., Bracken, B.A. (eds.) APA Handbooks in Psychology. APA Handbook of Testing and Assessment in Psychology, pp. 3–19. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (2013)
Kline, P.: The Handbook of Psychological Testing, 2nd edn. Routledge, London, New York (2000)
Landis, J.R., Koch, G.G.: The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33(1), 159–174 (1977)
Lauver, K.J., Kristof-Brown, A.: Distinguishing between employees’ perceptions of person-job and person-organization fit. J. Vocat. Behav. 59(3), 454–470 (2001)
Lievens, F., Peeters, H., Schollaert, E.: Situational judgment tests: a review of recent research. Pers. Rev. 37(4), 426–441 (2008)
Martin, J., Fellenz, M.R.: Organizational Behaviour and Management, 4th edn. Cengage Learning, Andover (2010)
McDaniel, M.A., Nguyen, N.T.: Situational judgment tests: a review of practice and constructs assessed. Int. J. Sel. Assess. 9(1–2), 103–113 (2001)
Motowidlo, S.J., Dunnette, M.D.: An alternative selection procedure: the low-fidelity simulation. J. Appl. Psychol. 75(6), 640–647 (1990)
Ployhart, R.E., MacKenzie, W.I.: Situational judgment tests: a critical review and agenda for the future. In: Zedeck, S. (ed.) APA Handbook of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Volume 2: Selecting and Developing Members for the Organization, pp. 237–252. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (2011)
Ployhart, R.E., Ward, A.: Situational judgment measures. In: Geisinger, K.F., Bracken, B.A. (eds.) APA Handbooks in Psychology. APA Handbook of Testing and Assessment in Psychology, pp. 551–564. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC (2013)
Schmidt, F.L., Hunter, J.E.: The validity and utility of selection methods in personnel psychology: practical and theoretical implications of 85 years of research findings. Psychol. Bull. 124(2), 262–274 (1998)
Schmitt, R., Pfeifer, T.: Quality Management: Strategies, Methods, Techniques (Qualitätsmanagement: Strategien - Methoden – Techniken), 5th edn. Carl Hanser Verlag, München (2015)
Urbina, S.: Essentials of Psychological Testing. Essentials of behavioral science series. Wiley, Hoboken (2004)
Weekley, J.A., Ployhart, R.E.: Situational Judgment Tests: Theory, Measurement, and Application. SIOP Organizational Frontiers Series. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Mahwah (2006)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Appendix
Appendix
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2019 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Heine, I., Schmitt, R. (2019). Measuring Quality Orientation in Organisations: A Cognitive-Behavioural Approach. In: Majstorovic, V., Durakbasa, N. (eds) Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Measurement and Quality Control - Cyber Physical Issue. IMEKOTC14 2019. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18177-2_26
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-18177-2_26
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-18176-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-18177-2
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)