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Taking Up the Cosmic Office: Transhumanism and the Necessity of Longevity

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The Transhumanism Handbook

Abstract

From the point of view of evolution, one of the most fundamental properties of life is its disposability. Barring a small minority of “immortal” or negligibly senescent organisms, such as some species of sturgeon, tortoises, bacteria, and jellyfish, all living beings are subject to a planned obsolescence. To be born is to die, to be replaced, such is the natural order of things, “the cradle rocks above an abyss, and common sense tells us that our existence is but a brief crack of light between two eternities of darkness.” Our presence on this planet has been the result of a 4 billion year experiment, carried out by a blind scientist, whose only visible goal is to arrive at the best solution to the ever-changing problem of survival. The whole earth is a laboratory for the trials of an indifferent and uncanny animator which seeks only the selfish propagation of its experiments without clear purpose or end. For evolution, just as for the scientist in the laboratory, the disposability of earlier iterations is necessary if better hypotheses are to be tested and improved. Each of us is born as an expendable and incomplete form, a step on a ladder that climbs infinitely upwards and out of sight, and on the grand scheme of things, what constitutes our individual selves including the mind and what some have called the soul, is simply the waste product of reproduction, bound irrevocably for the cosmic garbage can.

Phlebas the Phoenician, a fortnight dead,

Forgot the cry of gulls, and the deep sea swell

And the profit and loss.

A current under sea

Picked his bones in whispers. As he rose and fell

He passed the stages of his age and youth

Entering the whirlpool.

Gentile or Jew

O you who turn the wheel and look to windward,

Consider Phlebas, who was once handsome and tall as you.

T.S. Eliot – The Wasteland

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Notes

  1. 1.

    Vladimir Nabokov “Speak, Memory: A Memoir” (1951).

  2. 2.

    This is not to say that unicellular organisms did not “die”. Indeed, starvation, dessication, heat, and other environmental stressors could still lead to death. However, death was not programmed into the cell, nor was deterioration and aging, meaning that in favourable environmental conditions, survival was guaranteed indefinitely.

  3. 3.

    See Schopf, J.W. (1993). Microfossils of the early Archean Apex chert: new evidence of the antiquity of life. Science, 260: 640–46 and Knoll, A.H. (2003). Life on a young planet. Princeton: Princeton University Press.

  4. 4.

    Williams, G.C., (1957). Pleiotropy, Natural Selection, and the Evolution of Senescence. Evolution, 11 (4): 398–411. See p. 403.

  5. 5.

    Skulachev, V.P. (1997). Organism’s Aging is a Special Biological Function Rather than a Result of Breakdown of a Complex Biological System: Biochemical Support of Weismann’s Hypothesis. Biokhimiya 62 (12): 1191–1195.

  6. 6.

    de Grey, A., Rae, M. (2007). Ending Aging. St Martin’s Press, U.K.

  7. 7.

    López-Otín C., Blasco M.A., Partridge L., Serrano M., Kroemer G. (2013). The Hallmarks of Aging. Cell 153(6): 1194–1217.

  8. 8.

    Hamilton J.B., Mestler G.E. (1969). “Mortality and survival: comparison of eunuchs with intact men and women in a mentally retarded population)”. Journal of Gerontology 24 (4): 395–411.

  9. 9.

    Westendorp R.G., Kirkwood T.B. (1998). Human longevity at the cost of reproductive success. Nature. 396 (6713): 743–746.

  10. 10.

    Deshpande et al. (2004). Overlapping mechanisms function to establish transcriptional quiescence in the embryonic Drosophila germline. Development 131: 1247–57.

  11. 11.

    Tom Kirkwood (2001), The BBC Reith Lectures.

  12. 12.

    Bauman, Z., (1992). Mortality, Immortality, and Other Life Strategies. Stanford University Press, California.

  13. 13.

    See Stephen Greenblatt’s “The Swerve: How the World Became Modern” (2011).

References

  1. Kirkwood, T. (2001). The End of Age. BBC Reith lecture. http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/reith2001/

  2. Hobbes, T. (1651). Leviathan. Penguin Books, 1981.

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  3. Huxley, J. (1957). Transhumanism. In New Bottles for New Wine (1957), Chatto & Windus, London.

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    Google Scholar 

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Carrigan, K. (2019). Taking Up the Cosmic Office: Transhumanism and the Necessity of Longevity. In: Lee, N. (eds) The Transhumanism Handbook. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16920-6_27

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16920-6_27

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